<p>In this research, polyacrylamide (PAAM)/Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/magnetic halloysite nanotube (MHNT) hydrogels were synthesized for removal of the methylene blue (MB) dye using the free radical polymerization method. The use of PAAM, CMC, and MHNT, respectively, due to their high stability, favorable swelling behavior, and high surface area, can be considered as ideal compounds in preparing porous adsorbents with the ability to the effective adsorption of pollutant. Furthermore, recovery of the prepared hydrogel is very easy due to the presence of MHNT in its structure. In this way, by using an external magnet, the hydrogel can be separated from the dye solution after the adsorption process and reused in the adsorption of the pollutant. In this regard, the synthesized MHNTs were loaded into the PAAM/CMC hydrogel matrix and physico-chemical properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel were evaluated using FT-IR, FE-SEM, TGA and VSM analysis. According to the results, the successful loading of MHNTs into the hydrogel structure was confirmed by the appearance of new peaks (Fe–O group) in the FT-IR spectrum of the prepared hydrogel, as well as the magnetization (1.59 emu/g) and the increasing the thermal stability in the final hydrogel after the addition of MHNTs. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13762_2025_6461_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${q}_{m}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>q</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) of PAAM/CMC/MHNT hydrogel was determined to be 50.5 <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13762_2025_6461_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="55" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{mg}}\,{\text{ g}}^{ - 1}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>mg</mtext> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>g</mtext> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for MB dye. In general, the findings of the present research provide promising opportunities for developing solutions for wastewaters treatment of various industries, environmental remediation, and improve public health to achieve a cleaner and healthier world.</p> Graphic abstract <p></p>

Cost-effective removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater using polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose/magnetic halloysite nanotube hydrogel

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年4月15日

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F. Veghari Atigh,
H. Shaki

摘要

In this research, polyacrylamide (PAAM)/Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/magnetic halloysite nanotube (MHNT) hydrogels were synthesized for removal of the methylene blue (MB) dye using the free radical polymerization method. The use of PAAM, CMC, and MHNT, respectively, due to their high stability, favorable swelling behavior, and high surface area, can be considered as ideal compounds in preparing porous adsorbents with the ability to the effective adsorption of pollutant. Furthermore, recovery of the prepared hydrogel is very easy due to the presence of MHNT in its structure. In this way, by using an external magnet, the hydrogel can be separated from the dye solution after the adsorption process and reused in the adsorption of the pollutant. In this regard, the synthesized MHNTs were loaded into the PAAM/CMC hydrogel matrix and physico-chemical properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel were evaluated using FT-IR, FE-SEM, TGA and VSM analysis. According to the results, the successful loading of MHNTs into the hydrogel structure was confirmed by the appearance of new peaks (Fe–O group) in the FT-IR spectrum of the prepared hydrogel, as well as the magnetization (1.59 emu/g) and the increasing the thermal stability in the final hydrogel after the addition of MHNTs. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity ( ${q}_{m}$ $q_{m}$ ) of PAAM/CMC/MHNT hydrogel was determined to be 50.5 ${\text{mg}}\,{\text{ g}}^{ - 1}$ $mg g^{- 1}$ for MB dye. In general, the findings of the present research provide promising opportunities for developing solutions for wastewaters treatment of various industries, environmental remediation, and improve public health to achieve a cleaner and healthier world.

Graphic abstract