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<p>The release of dyes is a water contamination source affecting the normal development of aquatic ecosystems and the health of living organisms. Biochar (BC) is an adsorbent that has been gaining attention in the elimination of dyes from water because of its efficiency and sustainability. In this work, <i>Pinus patula</i>-derived BC obtained through wood pellet gasification was utilized in the treatment of crystal violet (VC) in water. For this purpose, the response surface methodology was used. The BC was found to have a dye removal efficiency &gt; 99.9% at 3&#xa0;min of contact time under a solution pH of 9, and 300–450&#xa0;µm and 13.5&#xa0;g/L of BC particle size and dose, respectively, being the former the most significant operational factor (<i>p</i> value = 0.0001). A mineralization of 74.5% in 60&#xa0;min of treatment was achieved. The process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The main mechanisms of adsorption were H-bonding, pore-filling, and <i>π</i>–<i>π</i> and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, the BC studied demonstrated to be useful in the water treatment containing VC.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Use of Pinus patula wood pellet biochar for the adsorptive elimination of crystal violet: optimization, isotherms, and kinetics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月17日

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  • C. Gallego-Ramírez,
  • E. Chica,
  • A. Rubio-Clemente

摘要

The release of dyes is a water contamination source affecting the normal development of aquatic ecosystems and the health of living organisms. Biochar (BC) is an adsorbent that has been gaining attention in the elimination of dyes from water because of its efficiency and sustainability. In this work, Pinus patula-derived BC obtained through wood pellet gasification was utilized in the treatment of crystal violet (VC) in water. For this purpose, the response surface methodology was used. The BC was found to have a dye removal efficiency > 99.9% at 3 min of contact time under a solution pH of 9, and 300–450 µm and 13.5 g/L of BC particle size and dose, respectively, being the former the most significant operational factor (p value = 0.0001). A mineralization of 74.5% in 60 min of treatment was achieved. The process followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The main mechanisms of adsorption were H-bonding, pore-filling, and π–π and electrostatic interactions. Therefore, the BC studied demonstrated to be useful in the water treatment containing VC.

Graphical abstract