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<p>In the current work, novel ternary Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite was prepared from an eco friendly green method using <i>Citrus limon</i> leaf extract. The structural, morphological and compositional studies were interpreted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analytical tools. FTIR confirmed composite formation by the appearance of W–O and Pr–O at 808 and 592&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. XRD pattern demonstrated the presence of WO<sub>3</sub> (orthorhombic phase), Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (hexagonal phase) and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (aromatic interplanar stacking). SEM studies illustrated that the surface of bulk g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> has been covered with randomly oriented, highly dispersed WO<sub>3</sub> and Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performace of ternary nanocomposite was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MP) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The maximum degradation of MP was 90% as compared to g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> (72%), Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (61%), g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (54%),&#xa0;and WO<sub>3</sub> (52%). The maximum degradation of CIP was 93% as compared to,&#xa0;g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> (73%), Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (60%), g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>,&#xa0;(55%) and WO<sub>3</sub> (52%). Active species trapping experiment revealed that ·OH and ·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> play a vital part in photodegradation process. The proposed mechanism indicated better charge separation and reduced recombination due to the synergistic cooperation of Pr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in eliminating photogenerated electrons from WO<sub>3</sub>. The antibacterial potential of ternary, binary nanocomposite and their single pure nanomateials was evaluated against two gram + ve (<i>B. subtilis</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>) and two gram – ve (<i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. coli</i>) bacterial strains. The results indicated that ternary nanocomposite showed better antibacterial activity especially against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>E. coli</i> than binary and pure nanomaterials.</p>

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Green synthesis of lemon leaf extract based novel Pr2O3/WO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite, enhanced photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial screening

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月14日

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  • A. Khurshid,
  • K. H. Shah,
  • H. M. Asif,
  • M. A. Khan,
  • A. Hussain,
  • M. Tariq

摘要

In the current work, novel ternary Pr2O3/WO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared from an eco friendly green method using Citrus limon leaf extract. The structural, morphological and compositional studies were interpreted using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analytical tools. FTIR confirmed composite formation by the appearance of W–O and Pr–O at 808 and 592 cm−1, respectively. XRD pattern demonstrated the presence of WO3 (orthorhombic phase), Pr2O3 (hexagonal phase) and g-C3N4 (aromatic interplanar stacking). SEM studies illustrated that the surface of bulk g-C3N4 has been covered with randomly oriented, highly dispersed WO3 and Pr2O3 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performace of ternary nanocomposite was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MP) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The maximum degradation of MP was 90% as compared to g-C3N4/WO3 (72%), Pr2O3 (61%), g-C3N4 (54%), and WO3 (52%). The maximum degradation of CIP was 93% as compared to, g-C3N4/WO3 (73%), Pr2O3 (60%), g-C3N4, (55%) and WO3 (52%). Active species trapping experiment revealed that ·OH and ·O2− play a vital part in photodegradation process. The proposed mechanism indicated better charge separation and reduced recombination due to the synergistic cooperation of Pr2O3 and g-C3N4 in eliminating photogenerated electrons from WO3. The antibacterial potential of ternary, binary nanocomposite and their single pure nanomateials was evaluated against two gram + ve (B. subtilis and S. aureus) and two gram – ve (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) bacterial strains. The results indicated that ternary nanocomposite showed better antibacterial activity especially against P. aeruginosa and E. coli than binary and pure nanomaterials.