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<p>Water pollution from domestic sewage and industrial waste, exacerbated by malachite green (MG) dyes, poses a significant environmental challenge. Hydrothermal carbonization converts biomass into hydrochar, facilitating efficient and sustainable adsorption of water impurities. The study examines muskmelon peel hydrochar (MMPH) as an effective adsorbent for MG dye removal from aqueous solutions. Several factors affecting removal efficiency were thoroughly investigated, including MMPH dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, and thermal conditions. The findings reveal that increasing the MMPH dosage enhance removal efficiency, with saturation reached at 2&#xa0;g/L. Higher initial dye concentrations lead to decreased removal efficiency due to an excess of unbound dye molecules compared to available active sites. The highest removal efficiency was observed after a contact time of 120&#xa0;min at a temperature of 303&#xa0;K. Thermodynamic analysis confirms the adsorption process is an exothermic and thermodynamically favorable, with increased disorder. Isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that the Freundlich model provided the best fit, emphasizing concentration-dependent kinetics. The Langmuir model estimated a maximum adsorption capacity (q<sub>max</sub> = 208.2&#xa0;mg/g). This research highlights the potential of MMPH in MG dye removal, contributing to sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.</p>

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Environmental remediation of malachite green dye from water using hydrothermally carbonized agro-waste biomass: mechanisms and optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月13日

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  • S. Mahalaxmi,
  • P. Senthil Kumar,
  • B. Chitra,
  • G. Rangasamy

摘要

Water pollution from domestic sewage and industrial waste, exacerbated by malachite green (MG) dyes, poses a significant environmental challenge. Hydrothermal carbonization converts biomass into hydrochar, facilitating efficient and sustainable adsorption of water impurities. The study examines muskmelon peel hydrochar (MMPH) as an effective adsorbent for MG dye removal from aqueous solutions. Several factors affecting removal efficiency were thoroughly investigated, including MMPH dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, and thermal conditions. The findings reveal that increasing the MMPH dosage enhance removal efficiency, with saturation reached at 2 g/L. Higher initial dye concentrations lead to decreased removal efficiency due to an excess of unbound dye molecules compared to available active sites. The highest removal efficiency was observed after a contact time of 120 min at a temperature of 303 K. Thermodynamic analysis confirms the adsorption process is an exothermic and thermodynamically favorable, with increased disorder. Isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that the Freundlich model provided the best fit, emphasizing concentration-dependent kinetics. The Langmuir model estimated a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax = 208.2 mg/g). This research highlights the potential of MMPH in MG dye removal, contributing to sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.