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Background <p>Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a key mechanism associated with neuroinflammation. This process is particularly relevant in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), where neuroinflammatory pathways contribute significantly to disease pathology.</p> Methods <p>This study included 38 patients with RRMS and 38 healthy controls. Plasma levels of key ferroptosis-related biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as well as iron and ferritin, were analyzed.</p> Results <p>The analysis demonstrated significantly elevated levels of MDA, iron, and ferritin in the RRMS group compared to the control group with p-values of 0.004, 0.042, and 0.038, respectively. Conversely, GSH and GPX4 levels were significantly reduced in the RRMS group with p-values of 0.028, and 0.014, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between MDA and iron levels in the control group (<i>r</i> = 0.346, <i>p</i> = 0.045).</p> Conclusion <p>The significant differences in plasma levels of ferroptosis-related biomarkers between RRMS patients and healthy controls suggest a potential role for ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.</p>

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Dysregulation of ferroptosis-related plasma biomarkers in treatment-free patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in clinical remission: a case-control study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Mahdieh Nazari-Robati,
  • Beydolah Shahouzehi,
  • Mahdis Rahimi Naiini

摘要

Background

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a key mechanism associated with neuroinflammation. This process is particularly relevant in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), where neuroinflammatory pathways contribute significantly to disease pathology.

Methods

This study included 38 patients with RRMS and 38 healthy controls. Plasma levels of key ferroptosis-related biomarkers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as well as iron and ferritin, were analyzed.

Results

The analysis demonstrated significantly elevated levels of MDA, iron, and ferritin in the RRMS group compared to the control group with p-values of 0.004, 0.042, and 0.038, respectively. Conversely, GSH and GPX4 levels were significantly reduced in the RRMS group with p-values of 0.028, and 0.014, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between MDA and iron levels in the control group (r = 0.346, p = 0.045).

Conclusion

The significant differences in plasma levels of ferroptosis-related biomarkers between RRMS patients and healthy controls suggest a potential role for ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.