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Background <p>Evidence on the effect of intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment on non-motor symptoms (NMS) and quality of life (QoL) in Cervical Dystonia (CD) remains scarce and inconsistent.</p> Objective <p>To determine the effect of intramuscular BoNT injections on NMS and QoL.</p> Methods <p>A prospective cohort study was conducted with adult CD patients attending treatment at Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (UZA) and a specialized private physiotherapy practice. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II), respectively. Sleep quality was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). QoL was measured using EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D). Paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for baseline and post treatment comparison.</p> Results <p>A total of 29 CD patients were included. The mean age was 61.6 <i>±</i> 9.25 years. The mean <i>±</i> standard deviation (SD) score of the global PSQI score decreased from 10.1 <i>±</i> 4.6 at baseline to 7.41 <i>±</i> 4.7 post treatment. The mean (SD) BAI-II score decreased slightly from 13.5 <i>±</i> 9.43 at baseline to 12.52 <i>±</i> 10.2 post treatment. The median (IQR) of BDI-II score changed from 7 (5–19) to 8 (2.5–20). There was significant improvement of PSQI following BoNT treatment (MD = 2.65, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusions <p>BoNT injection significantly improved sleep quality. However, no statistical difference was observed in depressive and anxiety symptoms. The persistence of psychiatric symptoms highlights the necessity of complementary therapy. Furthermore, additional controlled studies with larger samples are warranted to characterize the effect of BoNT on NMS.</p>

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The effect of botulinum neurotoxin injection on non-motor symptoms of cervical dystonia: A prospective cohort

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Shimelis Girma Kassaye,
  • Femke Dijkstra,
  • Jana Maes,
  • Kaat Paredis,
  • Cécile Taelman,
  • Esayas Kebede Gudina,
  • Willem De Hertogh,
  • Joke De Pauw,
  • David Crosiers

摘要

Background

Evidence on the effect of intramuscular injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) treatment on non-motor symptoms (NMS) and quality of life (QoL) in Cervical Dystonia (CD) remains scarce and inconsistent.

Objective

To determine the effect of intramuscular BoNT injections on NMS and QoL.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was conducted with adult CD patients attending treatment at Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium (UZA) and a specialized private physiotherapy practice. Depression and anxiety were measured using the Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI-II), respectively. Sleep quality was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). QoL was measured using EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D). Paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for baseline and post treatment comparison.

Results

A total of 29 CD patients were included. The mean age was 61.6 ± 9.25 years. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score of the global PSQI score decreased from 10.1 ± 4.6 at baseline to 7.41 ± 4.7 post treatment. The mean (SD) BAI-II score decreased slightly from 13.5 ± 9.43 at baseline to 12.52 ± 10.2 post treatment. The median (IQR) of BDI-II score changed from 7 (5–19) to 8 (2.5–20). There was significant improvement of PSQI following BoNT treatment (MD = 2.65, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

BoNT injection significantly improved sleep quality. However, no statistical difference was observed in depressive and anxiety symptoms. The persistence of psychiatric symptoms highlights the necessity of complementary therapy. Furthermore, additional controlled studies with larger samples are warranted to characterize the effect of BoNT on NMS.