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<p>Fundamental concepts and critical issues in biological energy coupling and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis are analyzed, clarified, and reappraised. The chemiosmotic theory was proposed by Mitchell in the 1960s. The theory did not receive universal acceptance and was vigorously opposed by the founders of bioenergetics and biochemical luminaries of the 20th century, including Slater, Williams, Green, Chance, and Tedeschi. A number of problems inherent to the one-ion chemiosmotic view are reappraised in the light of a two-ion theory of energy coupling and ATP synthesis, some errors of previous theories are identified and corrected, and apparent contradictions are resolved. The new perspective aims to interpret the experimental data correctly, remove the inconsistencies in previous theories of energy coupling, and arrive at a unified molecular theory of energy coupling, transduction, and ATP synthesis.</p>

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Rethinking the Classical Chemiosmotic Theory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月25日

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  • Sunil Nath

摘要

Fundamental concepts and critical issues in biological energy coupling and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis are analyzed, clarified, and reappraised. The chemiosmotic theory was proposed by Mitchell in the 1960s. The theory did not receive universal acceptance and was vigorously opposed by the founders of bioenergetics and biochemical luminaries of the 20th century, including Slater, Williams, Green, Chance, and Tedeschi. A number of problems inherent to the one-ion chemiosmotic view are reappraised in the light of a two-ion theory of energy coupling and ATP synthesis, some errors of previous theories are identified and corrected, and apparent contradictions are resolved. The new perspective aims to interpret the experimental data correctly, remove the inconsistencies in previous theories of energy coupling, and arrive at a unified molecular theory of energy coupling, transduction, and ATP synthesis.