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<p>The control of dengue vector mosquitoes by utilizing plant-based eco-friendly larvicides is pivotal in suppressing the spread of dengue with minimum environmental toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of nanoliposomes containing p-cresol and <i>Myristica fragrans</i> Houtt. essential oil (EO) against <i>Aedes aegypti</i> L. and <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse, 1894) larvae. The constituents of extracted EO were assessed by GC–MS analyses. The in vitro and in silico inhibitory activities of p-cresol and <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO against acetylcholinesterase and α-amylase enzymes of Larvae were assessed. Nanoliposomes were prepared and characterized and their Larvicidal activities were analyzed against 4th instar <i>Aedes</i> larvae. Major constituents identified from EO were α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, isopulegol, and myristicin. The results showed that both p-cresol and <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO possess significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Moreover, <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO also inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The molecular docking results also confirmed these inhibitory activities. <i>Myristica</i>&#xa0;<i>fragrans</i> EO and p-cresol as well as their nanoliposomes showed significant larvicidal activities against <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i>. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of p-cresol (13 and 16&#xa0;mg/L) were lower than <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO (33 and 39&#xa0;mg/L) against both <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> larvae, respectively. The encapsulation efficacy of nanoliposomes for p-cresol and <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO was 78 to 82%. The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoliposomes was below 155&#xa0;nm. The PDI and zeta potential values were Less than 0.2 and − 28&#xa0;mV respectively, confirming the homogenous distribution and stability. Here, it is concluded that both <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO and p-cresol possess significant larvicidal activities against <i>Aedes</i> larvae. The nanoliposomes of <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO and p-cresol were stable and homogenous, and these have further improved the efficacy of <i>M</i>. <i>fragrans</i> EO and p-cresol.</p>

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Larvicidal Effects of Nanoliposomes Containing p-Cresol and Myristica fragrans Houtt. Essential Oil Against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • Aamir Ali,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Tahir,
  • Muniba Tariq,
  • Hooria Ashraf Khan,
  • Ayesha Muzamil,
  • Kiran Zainab,
  • Asjid Ghaffar

摘要

The control of dengue vector mosquitoes by utilizing plant-based eco-friendly larvicides is pivotal in suppressing the spread of dengue with minimum environmental toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of nanoliposomes containing p-cresol and Myristica fragrans Houtt. essential oil (EO) against Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) larvae. The constituents of extracted EO were assessed by GC–MS analyses. The in vitro and in silico inhibitory activities of p-cresol and M. fragrans EO against acetylcholinesterase and α-amylase enzymes of Larvae were assessed. Nanoliposomes were prepared and characterized and their Larvicidal activities were analyzed against 4th instar Aedes larvae. Major constituents identified from EO were α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, β-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, isopulegol, and myristicin. The results showed that both p-cresol and M. fragrans EO possess significant inhibitory activity against α-amylase. Moreover, M. fragrans EO also inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. The molecular docking results also confirmed these inhibitory activities. Myristica fragrans EO and p-cresol as well as their nanoliposomes showed significant larvicidal activities against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The LC50 values of p-cresol (13 and 16 mg/L) were lower than M. fragrans EO (33 and 39 mg/L) against both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae, respectively. The encapsulation efficacy of nanoliposomes for p-cresol and M. fragrans EO was 78 to 82%. The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoliposomes was below 155 nm. The PDI and zeta potential values were Less than 0.2 and − 28 mV respectively, confirming the homogenous distribution and stability. Here, it is concluded that both M. fragrans EO and p-cresol possess significant larvicidal activities against Aedes larvae. The nanoliposomes of M. fragrans EO and p-cresol were stable and homogenous, and these have further improved the efficacy of M. fragrans EO and p-cresol.