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<p>Pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) has increased due to high demand of petroleum in transportation and industrialization activities. PAHs are present in the environment naturally and as a consequence of human activities, causing toxic effects on living organisms. Accordingly, this review summarizes the biodegradation of PAHs by the genus <i>Acinetobacter</i>. Members of this genus are prevalent at PAH contaminated sites and produce biosurfactants that enhance pollutant bioavailability and degradation. This review highlights the occurrence and toxicity of PAHs and critically evaluates recent advances in <i>Acinetobacter</i>-mediated bioremediation, with emphasis on degradation pathways, catabolic genes and enzymes, factors influencing biodegradation, microbial interactions, metabolic engineering, and bioaugmentation strategies. The environmental fate and toxicological significance of PAH transformation products are comprehensively discussed. The review further highlights molecular docking and active-site analyses as complementary tools for understanding enzyme-substrate interactions and guiding future enzyme engineering efforts. Additionally, microbial immobilization and biochar-assisted systems are also evaluated for enhancing microbial stability and degradation efficiency. Although <i>Acinetobacter</i> species offer cost-effective environmental restoration, further advances in metabolic engineering, toxicity assessment, and field-scale validation are required. By identifying current knowledge gaps, future directions for the safe and effective deployment of <i>Acinetobacter</i> spp. in PAH-contaminated environments are proposed.</p>

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Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Acinetobacter: recent progress, challenges and future directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Amar Jyoti Bhaskar,
  • Sana Ansari,
  • Malkhey Verma

摘要

Pollution with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) has increased due to high demand of petroleum in transportation and industrialization activities. PAHs are present in the environment naturally and as a consequence of human activities, causing toxic effects on living organisms. Accordingly, this review summarizes the biodegradation of PAHs by the genus Acinetobacter. Members of this genus are prevalent at PAH contaminated sites and produce biosurfactants that enhance pollutant bioavailability and degradation. This review highlights the occurrence and toxicity of PAHs and critically evaluates recent advances in Acinetobacter-mediated bioremediation, with emphasis on degradation pathways, catabolic genes and enzymes, factors influencing biodegradation, microbial interactions, metabolic engineering, and bioaugmentation strategies. The environmental fate and toxicological significance of PAH transformation products are comprehensively discussed. The review further highlights molecular docking and active-site analyses as complementary tools for understanding enzyme-substrate interactions and guiding future enzyme engineering efforts. Additionally, microbial immobilization and biochar-assisted systems are also evaluated for enhancing microbial stability and degradation efficiency. Although Acinetobacter species offer cost-effective environmental restoration, further advances in metabolic engineering, toxicity assessment, and field-scale validation are required. By identifying current knowledge gaps, future directions for the safe and effective deployment of Acinetobacter spp. in PAH-contaminated environments are proposed.