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<p>Herein, the effectiveness of green synthesized magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles was evaluated by removing Sunset Yellow (SY) dye, a toxic anionic azo dye, from an aqueous solution. The influence of various adsorption parameters, such as pH, temperature, contact time, MgO amount, and dye concentration, was evaluated to optimize the adsorption performance. At pH 4, the high % removal of 94% was achieved after 90&#xa0;min. Linear and non-linear Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms and pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were applied to understand the sorption mechanism, indicating that the sorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The DFT optimization results were explored for the adsorption complex of SY dye and MgO, where its binding is found to be stable via sulfonate oxygen atom, with minimal distortion of either the dye or MgO nanocluster. 2.47&#xa0;eV HOMO–LUMO energy gap with spatial separation of the orbitals suggests a donor–acceptor interaction mechanism, thus facilitating surface adsorption and charge redistribution.</p>

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Efficient sorptive removal of sunset yellow dye from aqueous solution: kinetic and thermodynamic study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Navak Badr,
  • Muhammad Hamayun

摘要

Herein, the effectiveness of green synthesized magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles was evaluated by removing Sunset Yellow (SY) dye, a toxic anionic azo dye, from an aqueous solution. The influence of various adsorption parameters, such as pH, temperature, contact time, MgO amount, and dye concentration, was evaluated to optimize the adsorption performance. At pH 4, the high % removal of 94% was achieved after 90 min. Linear and non-linear Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms and pseudo first order, pseudo second order and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models were applied to understand the sorption mechanism, indicating that the sorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. The DFT optimization results were explored for the adsorption complex of SY dye and MgO, where its binding is found to be stable via sulfonate oxygen atom, with minimal distortion of either the dye or MgO nanocluster. 2.47 eV HOMO–LUMO energy gap with spatial separation of the orbitals suggests a donor–acceptor interaction mechanism, thus facilitating surface adsorption and charge redistribution.