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<p>The aqueous peel extract of <i>Curcuma caesia</i> (black turmeric) was used in the eco-friendly production of iron &amp; zinc oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). The particles appeared spherical, polydisperse, polycrystalline and size for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs is observed as&#xa0;36.84&#xa0;nm, whereas for ZnO NPs is 37.93&#xa0;nm. Black turmeric aqueous peel extract (TOSE)-mediated ZnO NPs demonstrated better antioxidant activity, achieving 74.27% scavenging at a concentration of 150&#xa0;µg/mL, and exhibited convincing cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp lethality assay (LC<sub>50</sub> = 2.62&#xa0;µg/mL), outpacing Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs and the crude extract comparatively. Furthermore, ZnO NPs showed less hemolytic activity, indicating moderate biocompatibility with human RBCs. Zeta potential values of − 11.4 mV for Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs and − 19.2 mV for ZnO NPs generally indicate limited electrostatic stabilization, significant heterogeneity and a higher likelihood of aggregation. In anticancer studies, ZnO NPs exhibited prominent cytotoxicity than Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 84.81&#xa0;µg/mL against HepG2 cells and 130.20&#xa0;µg/mL against HT-29 cells. In conclusion, ZnO NPs synthesized via TOSE revealed significant pharmacological potential, which lend scientific credibility to the traditional use of black turmeric in herbal medicine and highlight its potential in therapeutics.</p>

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Sustainable fabrication of Fe2O3 and ZnO nanoparticles using Curcuma caesia peel extract: structural characterization and anticancer performance against HepG2 and HT29 cell lines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月24日

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  • Arif Nazir,
  • Rahat Mustafa,
  • Mazhar Abbas,
  • Munawar Iqbal,
  • Shahana Rahat,
  • Abid Ali,
  • Awais Ahmad,
  • Aimon Saleem,
  • Hanan M. Alharbi,
  • Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd

摘要

The aqueous peel extract of Curcuma caesia (black turmeric) was used in the eco-friendly production of iron & zinc oxide (Fe2O3/ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). The particles appeared spherical, polydisperse, polycrystalline and size for Fe2O3 NPs is observed as 36.84 nm, whereas for ZnO NPs is 37.93 nm. Black turmeric aqueous peel extract (TOSE)-mediated ZnO NPs demonstrated better antioxidant activity, achieving 74.27% scavenging at a concentration of 150 µg/mL, and exhibited convincing cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp lethality assay (LC50 = 2.62 µg/mL), outpacing Fe2O3 NPs and the crude extract comparatively. Furthermore, ZnO NPs showed less hemolytic activity, indicating moderate biocompatibility with human RBCs. Zeta potential values of − 11.4 mV for Fe2O3 NPs and − 19.2 mV for ZnO NPs generally indicate limited electrostatic stabilization, significant heterogeneity and a higher likelihood of aggregation. In anticancer studies, ZnO NPs exhibited prominent cytotoxicity than Fe2O3 NPs, with an IC50 of 84.81 µg/mL against HepG2 cells and 130.20 µg/mL against HT-29 cells. In conclusion, ZnO NPs synthesized via TOSE revealed significant pharmacological potential, which lend scientific credibility to the traditional use of black turmeric in herbal medicine and highlight its potential in therapeutics.