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<p>Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterised by high concentrations of Fe³⁺, posing significant environmental and operational challenges for the mining and metallurgical industries. This study presents a selective and cost-effective colourimetric sensor based on 8-Hydroxyquinaldine (8-HQn) for rapid, on-site detection of Fe³⁺ in mining effluents. Upon interaction with Fe³⁺ in aqueous media, a 2 mM THF solution of 8-HQn exhibits an immediate and distinct colour change from pale yellow to deep blue, correlated with the formation of an absorption band at 568&#xa0;nm. Selectivity assays with various metal cations confirmed the specificity of the response toward Fe³⁺. Job’s plot analysis indicates a 3:1 ligand-to-metal stoichiometry, and the method demonstrates limits of detection and quantification of 9.6 ppm and 29.1 ppm, respectively. Compared with conventional techniques, the proposed sensor offers a practical, low-cost alternative for preliminary Fe³⁺ monitoring and real-time decision-making in AMD treatment processes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Colourimetric detection of Fe³⁺ using 8-hydroxyquinaldine: a simple and rapid approach for on-site monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Jair Ramón Hernández,
  • Aislinn Michelle Teja-Ruiz,
  • Adrián Vargas Vargas,
  • J. Viridiana García-González,
  • Oscar Javier Hernández-Ortiz

摘要

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterised by high concentrations of Fe³⁺, posing significant environmental and operational challenges for the mining and metallurgical industries. This study presents a selective and cost-effective colourimetric sensor based on 8-Hydroxyquinaldine (8-HQn) for rapid, on-site detection of Fe³⁺ in mining effluents. Upon interaction with Fe³⁺ in aqueous media, a 2 mM THF solution of 8-HQn exhibits an immediate and distinct colour change from pale yellow to deep blue, correlated with the formation of an absorption band at 568 nm. Selectivity assays with various metal cations confirmed the specificity of the response toward Fe³⁺. Job’s plot analysis indicates a 3:1 ligand-to-metal stoichiometry, and the method demonstrates limits of detection and quantification of 9.6 ppm and 29.1 ppm, respectively. Compared with conventional techniques, the proposed sensor offers a practical, low-cost alternative for preliminary Fe³⁺ monitoring and real-time decision-making in AMD treatment processes.

Graphical abstract