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<p>The widespread use of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has led to its persistence as a pollutant, promoting antibiotic resistance. Conventional wastewater treatment methods have limited efficacy in removing CIP, necessitating advanced technologies. This study investigated the synthesis and photocatalytic performance of Co<sub>x</sub>Mg<sub>0.6− X</sub>Cd<sub>0.2</sub>Ba<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (X = 0, 0.3) ferrite nanoparticles for the degradation of CIP and other organic pollutants. The nanoparticles were synthesized via Sol-gel auto-combustion and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. XRD revealed a decreased lattice constant (8.3893–8.3664 Å) and crystallite size (25.056–20.540&#xa0;nm) with cobalt doping. BET analysis showed increased surface area (12.36–14.95&#xa0;m²/g) and pore volume (0.0185–0.0263&#xa0;cm³/g) with cobalt. The band gap narrowed from 2.88 to 2.61&#xa0;eV, improving visible-light absorption. Photocatalytic tests showed that cobalt-doped ferrite achieved 100% CIP degradation under visible light within 100&#xa0;min, versus 56% for undoped samples, tetracycline (87.34%), sulfamethoxazole (68.89%), and amoxicillin (45.65%). Scavenger analysis revealed hydroxyl radicals as the main reactive species, contributing to 67.55% degradation. The addition of H₂O₂, PMS, and PS enhanced degradation. This study demonstrates the potential of cobalt-doped spinel ferrites as efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation.</p>

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Cobalt-substituted spinel ferrite nanoparticles as visible-light photocatalysts for efficient ciprofloxacin degradation in wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Dibakar Roy,
  • Rabia Iftikhar,
  • Muhammad Yasar,
  • Fuad M. Alzahrani,
  • Khalid J. Alzahrani,
  • Khalaf F. Alsharif,
  • Shakhlokhon Kurbanova,
  • Murodjon Yaxshimuratov,
  • Gurumurthy B. Ramaiah

摘要

The widespread use of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has led to its persistence as a pollutant, promoting antibiotic resistance. Conventional wastewater treatment methods have limited efficacy in removing CIP, necessitating advanced technologies. This study investigated the synthesis and photocatalytic performance of CoxMg0.6− XCd0.2Ba0.2Fe2O4 (X = 0, 0.3) ferrite nanoparticles for the degradation of CIP and other organic pollutants. The nanoparticles were synthesized via Sol-gel auto-combustion and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. XRD revealed a decreased lattice constant (8.3893–8.3664 Å) and crystallite size (25.056–20.540 nm) with cobalt doping. BET analysis showed increased surface area (12.36–14.95 m²/g) and pore volume (0.0185–0.0263 cm³/g) with cobalt. The band gap narrowed from 2.88 to 2.61 eV, improving visible-light absorption. Photocatalytic tests showed that cobalt-doped ferrite achieved 100% CIP degradation under visible light within 100 min, versus 56% for undoped samples, tetracycline (87.34%), sulfamethoxazole (68.89%), and amoxicillin (45.65%). Scavenger analysis revealed hydroxyl radicals as the main reactive species, contributing to 67.55% degradation. The addition of H₂O₂, PMS, and PS enhanced degradation. This study demonstrates the potential of cobalt-doped spinel ferrites as efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation.