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<p>Ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for public health and sustainable development. However, rapid population growth, industrialization, and environmental pollution have placed increasing pressure on freshwater resources. Conventional water purification technologies, such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, face limitations including high energy requirements, membrane fouling, and restricted contaminant selectivity. Carbon nanotube membranes have emerged as a promising alternative due to their unique nanoscale architecture, which facilitates rapid and selective water transport while effectively removing impurities. This review also highlights key challenges associated with CNT membranes, including large-scale production, cost-effectiveness, and long-term operational stability, and explores potential solutions through material innovations and advanced fabrication techniques. With continued research and technological development, CNT membranes offer the potential to transform water treatment by providing a sustainable, energy-efficient approach to addressing global water scarcity.</p>

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Carbon nanotube membranes for advanced water purification: challenges, potential, and future perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Abhishek Maurya,
  • Karunamay Majee,
  • Gandharve Kumar,
  • Saismrutiranjan Mohanty,
  • Dusmant Maharana

摘要

Ensuring access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for public health and sustainable development. However, rapid population growth, industrialization, and environmental pollution have placed increasing pressure on freshwater resources. Conventional water purification technologies, such as reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, face limitations including high energy requirements, membrane fouling, and restricted contaminant selectivity. Carbon nanotube membranes have emerged as a promising alternative due to their unique nanoscale architecture, which facilitates rapid and selective water transport while effectively removing impurities. This review also highlights key challenges associated with CNT membranes, including large-scale production, cost-effectiveness, and long-term operational stability, and explores potential solutions through material innovations and advanced fabrication techniques. With continued research and technological development, CNT membranes offer the potential to transform water treatment by providing a sustainable, energy-efficient approach to addressing global water scarcity.