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<p>Aza-Michael addition reaction is one of the most extensively used synthetic pathways for the C-N bond formation in organic transformation research involving the use of innovative and environmentally benign reaction media. In the present work, we have developed a high-yielding green protocol for the Aza-Michael addition reaction of N-heterocycles and alkenes having electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) using various recyclable acidic DES as catalysts prepared in a 1:1 molar ratio, thus avoiding the use of alternative acid additives. The reaction conditions have been optimized in terms of DES used, DES loading, time of reaction and temperature, wherein the outcome is a function of the acidity of the components of DES. The optimized conditions for the reaction using ChCl:<i>p</i>-TSA as the model catalyst were found to be 1.6 mmol DES loading, 45&#xa0;°C temperature and 1.5&#xa0;h reaction time, giving isolated product yields of up to 95%.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p> <p>General scheme for Aza-Michael addition reaction. Aza-Michael addition of N-heterocycles and alkenes using green methodology. Environmentally benign Choline based acidic deep eutectic solvents. Mild reaction conditions. Efficiently recyclable catalysts with easy post reaction workup. High yield and purity of Aza-Michael Adducts.</p>

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Choline-based deep eutectic solvents mediated Aza-Michael addition reaction using environmentally benign methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Monali Deb,
  • Shalini Arora,
  • Sitanshu Kumar

摘要

Aza-Michael addition reaction is one of the most extensively used synthetic pathways for the C-N bond formation in organic transformation research involving the use of innovative and environmentally benign reaction media. In the present work, we have developed a high-yielding green protocol for the Aza-Michael addition reaction of N-heterocycles and alkenes having electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) using various recyclable acidic DES as catalysts prepared in a 1:1 molar ratio, thus avoiding the use of alternative acid additives. The reaction conditions have been optimized in terms of DES used, DES loading, time of reaction and temperature, wherein the outcome is a function of the acidity of the components of DES. The optimized conditions for the reaction using ChCl:p-TSA as the model catalyst were found to be 1.6 mmol DES loading, 45 °C temperature and 1.5 h reaction time, giving isolated product yields of up to 95%.

Graphical abstract

General scheme for Aza-Michael addition reaction. Aza-Michael addition of N-heterocycles and alkenes using green methodology. Environmentally benign Choline based acidic deep eutectic solvents. Mild reaction conditions. Efficiently recyclable catalysts with easy post reaction workup. High yield and purity of Aza-Michael Adducts.