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<p>Electrolyte and metabolic homeostasis dysregulation is a common and clinically significant complication in cancer patients, impacting prognosis and treatment efficacy. A comprehensive assessment of the serum ion profile can provide valuable insights into pathophysiological processes. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) offers a promising alternative to traditional methods like ion chromatography, owing to its high speed, separation efficiency, small sample volume, and simplified sample preparation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the content of major inorganic cations (K<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>), anions (Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, citrate, lactate), and their ratios in the blood serum of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) compared to healthy donors using CZE. The study involved 85 participants: 31 patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and 54 healthy donors. Analyte concentrations in serum samples were determined by CZE. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences between groups. Patients with LPDs exhibited statistically significant alterations in their ion profile compared to healthy donors. Elevated concentrations of potassium (p &lt; 0.0001), sulphates(p = 0.0167), and lactate (p &lt; 0.00001) were observed, alongside a decrease in ionized calcium levels (p = 0.0253). Consequently, a significant reduction in the Na/K (p = 0.0013) and Ca/Mg (p = 0.0315) ratios was noted in the patient group. Comparison of patient subgroups showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the content of the studied analytes in patients with NHL and HL. The findings indicate a profound and complex dysregulation of electrolyte and metabolic homeostasis in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. The identified changes, particularly elevated lactate and potassium levels, and altered ion ratios, can serve as additional biochemical markers for assessing disease severity and monitoring patient status. The CZE method demonstrated its effectiveness for rapid and accurate multicomponent analysis of blood serum.</p>

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The determination of inorganic cations and low-molecular-mass anions in serum by capillary zone electrophoresis in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Evgeniya V. Polyakova,
  • Kirill N. Narozhnykh,
  • Galina S. Soldatova,
  • Sofiya E. Romanova,
  • Tatyana V. Skiba

摘要

Electrolyte and metabolic homeostasis dysregulation is a common and clinically significant complication in cancer patients, impacting prognosis and treatment efficacy. A comprehensive assessment of the serum ion profile can provide valuable insights into pathophysiological processes. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) offers a promising alternative to traditional methods like ion chromatography, owing to its high speed, separation efficiency, small sample volume, and simplified sample preparation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the content of major inorganic cations (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+), anions (Cl−, SO42−, HPO42−, citrate, lactate), and their ratios in the blood serum of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) compared to healthy donors using CZE. The study involved 85 participants: 31 patients diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), and 54 healthy donors. Analyte concentrations in serum samples were determined by CZE. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences between groups. Patients with LPDs exhibited statistically significant alterations in their ion profile compared to healthy donors. Elevated concentrations of potassium (p < 0.0001), sulphates(p = 0.0167), and lactate (p < 0.00001) were observed, alongside a decrease in ionized calcium levels (p = 0.0253). Consequently, a significant reduction in the Na/K (p = 0.0013) and Ca/Mg (p = 0.0315) ratios was noted in the patient group. Comparison of patient subgroups showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the content of the studied analytes in patients with NHL and HL. The findings indicate a profound and complex dysregulation of electrolyte and metabolic homeostasis in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. The identified changes, particularly elevated lactate and potassium levels, and altered ion ratios, can serve as additional biochemical markers for assessing disease severity and monitoring patient status. The CZE method demonstrated its effectiveness for rapid and accurate multicomponent analysis of blood serum.