Furan-based 1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine: regioselective synthesis of new mono- and bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines), DFT-based NMR prediction, antibacterial Screening, and SAR study
摘要
A new furan-based 1H-pyrazole-3,5-amine was utilized as a useful precursor for the preparation of numerous pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine hybrids and their related bis-analogues by its reaction with the appropriate 1,3-bielectrophiles. It was reacted with mono- or bis(enaminones) in refluxing acetic acid for 5–8 h to produce the desired products in 83–92% yields. Moreover, a binary mixture of 1H-pyrazole-3,5-amine and the suitable mono- or bis-cinnamonitriles was reacted in refluxing dioxane in the presence of triethylamine for 5–8 h to give the desired pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles in 70–91% yields. Moreover, 1H-pyrazole-3,5-amine was reacted with several β-dicarbonyl-containing reagents in refluxing acetic acid for 4–6 h to give 5,7-disubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 5-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-ones in 84–90% yields. The structure of the newly prepared pyrimidines was elucidated by considering their experimental NMR data as well as their theoretical data derived from DFT computations. The chemical shifts of 1H- and 13C-NMR in DMSO were determined using the DFT-GIAO approach under the B3LYP and mPW1PW91 functions and a range of basis sets, including 6-31G(d, p), 6–31 + G(d), 6-311G(d), 6-311 + G(d, p), 6-311 + + G-(d, p), and 6-311 + G(2d, p). The new products showed broad antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus and E. coli. Overall, we found that the bis(pyrazolopyrimidines) were more potent than their monopodial counterparts. The propane-linked bis(3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-amine) displayed a comparable potency to ciprofloxacin with an MIC of 3.0 µM. Moreover, the thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-linked bis(2,7-diamino-3-(furan-2-ylmethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile) displayed the best potency that exceeds ciprofloxacin with an MIC of 2.7 µM.
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