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<p>A mild and efficient method for the solvent-free catalytic nitration of o-xylene (OX) employing silicon sulfonic acid (SSA) as a catalyst and NO<sub>2</sub> as a clean nitrating agent, leads to high selectivity for 4-nitro-o-xylene (4-NOX). Under optimal conditions, a 64.6% selectivity for 4-NOX and a 46.7% conversion of OX were achieved. The results showed that the enhanced OX conversion and target product selectivity were attributed to the synergistic catalysis of the combination of the SSA catalyst and the NO<sub>2</sub>–O<sub>2</sub> system. The characterization results showed that the immobilized SSA, which is not only simple and economical to prepare but also exhibits excellent nitration activity, was effectively synthesized via the chemical bonding method. The highly dispersed sulfonic acid groups were covalently anchored to the surface of the silicon acid (SA), thereby enriching acid sites and stabilizing the catalytic performance. Additionally, a possible reaction mechanism for nitrating OX with NO<sub>2</sub>–O<sub>2</sub> over the SSA catalyst was proposed. Compared with the traditional method, this study promotes the selectivity of the target product while reducing acidic wastewater streams, indicating potential application prospects.</p>

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Mild and efficient catalytic nitration of o-xylene with NO2 over silicon sulfonic acid to 4-nitro-o-xylene under solvent-free conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Jiaqi Yan,
  • Weiwen Fu,
  • Kuiyi You,
  • Fangfang Zhao,
  • He’an Luo

摘要

A mild and efficient method for the solvent-free catalytic nitration of o-xylene (OX) employing silicon sulfonic acid (SSA) as a catalyst and NO2 as a clean nitrating agent, leads to high selectivity for 4-nitro-o-xylene (4-NOX). Under optimal conditions, a 64.6% selectivity for 4-NOX and a 46.7% conversion of OX were achieved. The results showed that the enhanced OX conversion and target product selectivity were attributed to the synergistic catalysis of the combination of the SSA catalyst and the NO2–O2 system. The characterization results showed that the immobilized SSA, which is not only simple and economical to prepare but also exhibits excellent nitration activity, was effectively synthesized via the chemical bonding method. The highly dispersed sulfonic acid groups were covalently anchored to the surface of the silicon acid (SA), thereby enriching acid sites and stabilizing the catalytic performance. Additionally, a possible reaction mechanism for nitrating OX with NO2–O2 over the SSA catalyst was proposed. Compared with the traditional method, this study promotes the selectivity of the target product while reducing acidic wastewater streams, indicating potential application prospects.