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<p>Rhodamine B (RB) and Malachite Green (MG) are widely recognized as synthetic dyes used in various industries. However, their extensive use has raised significant concerns due to their toxic and environmental effects. The photocatalytic process has emerged as an effective method for removing organic pollutants from the environment. In this study, a novel photocatalyst with the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-PAnNTs/CdS-WO (FPCW) structure was synthesized and fully characterized. Techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were employed to analyze the structure, morphology, and optical properties of the photocatalyst. The efficiency of the synthesized photocatalyst in the simultaneous degradation of Rhodamine B and Malachite Green under visible light irradiation was investigated. The influence of various operational parameters, including pH, dye concentration, photocatalyst dosage, and reaction time, was optimized to improve the degradation efficiency. The results indicated that under optimal conditions (pH = 6, photocatalyst dosage of 10&#xa0;mg, initial dye concentration of 7.5&#xa0;mg/L, and reaction time of 60&#xa0;min), the FPCW photocatalyst was capable of removing 95.3% of Malachite Green and 98.9% of Rhodamine B from a 10&#xa0;mL aqueous solution. Kinetic studies revealed that the photocatalytic degradation of both dyes followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with apparent rate constants of 0.0553&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup> and 0.0571&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup> for Rhodamine B and Malachite Green, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the synthesized photocatalyst has great potential for treating industrial wastewater containing Rhodamine B and Malachite Green dyes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis of high-performance Fe2O3-PAnNTs/CdS-WO3 hybrid nanocomposite for simultaneous degradation of rhodamine b and malachite green under visible light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Mohammad Javad Jahangiri,
  • Tayebeh Shamspur,
  • Ali Mostafavi

摘要

Rhodamine B (RB) and Malachite Green (MG) are widely recognized as synthetic dyes used in various industries. However, their extensive use has raised significant concerns due to their toxic and environmental effects. The photocatalytic process has emerged as an effective method for removing organic pollutants from the environment. In this study, a novel photocatalyst with the Fe2O3-PAnNTs/CdS-WO (FPCW) structure was synthesized and fully characterized. Techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) were employed to analyze the structure, morphology, and optical properties of the photocatalyst. The efficiency of the synthesized photocatalyst in the simultaneous degradation of Rhodamine B and Malachite Green under visible light irradiation was investigated. The influence of various operational parameters, including pH, dye concentration, photocatalyst dosage, and reaction time, was optimized to improve the degradation efficiency. The results indicated that under optimal conditions (pH = 6, photocatalyst dosage of 10 mg, initial dye concentration of 7.5 mg/L, and reaction time of 60 min), the FPCW photocatalyst was capable of removing 95.3% of Malachite Green and 98.9% of Rhodamine B from a 10 mL aqueous solution. Kinetic studies revealed that the photocatalytic degradation of both dyes followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, with apparent rate constants of 0.0553 min−1 and 0.0571 min−1 for Rhodamine B and Malachite Green, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the synthesized photocatalyst has great potential for treating industrial wastewater containing Rhodamine B and Malachite Green dyes.

Graphical abstract