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<p>Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. In this study, a green synthesis approach was employed to prepare NiO nanoparticles using plant extract as a natural reducing agent and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as the precursor. The synthesis process involved adjusting pH using ammonia and calcination at varying temperatures (100&#xa0;°C, 200&#xa0;°C, and 300&#xa0;°C) to investigate the effect of calcination on the structural and catalytic properties of the nanoparticles. The NiO nanoparticles were characterized using TGA, XRD, FESEM, FTIR, and DRS to evaluate their thermal stability, crystallinity, morphology, functional groups, and optical properties. The results indicated that calcination temperature significantly influenced the formation and structural features of the NiO nanoparticles. The NiO sample calcined at 300&#xa0;°C exhibited optimal structural integrity and catalytic efficiency, yielding 62–91% of the target product in a three-component Biginelli condensation reaction. This study highlights the potential of green-synthesized NiO nanoparticles as cost-effective, sustainable, and reusable catalysts with high selectivity and efficiency, paving the way for environmentally friendly advancements in catalysis and material science.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Facile green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles by persimmon peel extract: characterization, catalytic efficiency in Biginelli reaction, and recyclability assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Dara Muhammad Aziza,
  • Jwankar Abdullah Shekh Khidr

摘要

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties. In this study, a green synthesis approach was employed to prepare NiO nanoparticles using plant extract as a natural reducing agent and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O as the precursor. The synthesis process involved adjusting pH using ammonia and calcination at varying temperatures (100 °C, 200 °C, and 300 °C) to investigate the effect of calcination on the structural and catalytic properties of the nanoparticles. The NiO nanoparticles were characterized using TGA, XRD, FESEM, FTIR, and DRS to evaluate their thermal stability, crystallinity, morphology, functional groups, and optical properties. The results indicated that calcination temperature significantly influenced the formation and structural features of the NiO nanoparticles. The NiO sample calcined at 300 °C exhibited optimal structural integrity and catalytic efficiency, yielding 62–91% of the target product in a three-component Biginelli condensation reaction. This study highlights the potential of green-synthesized NiO nanoparticles as cost-effective, sustainable, and reusable catalysts with high selectivity and efficiency, paving the way for environmentally friendly advancements in catalysis and material science.

Graphical abstract