Abstract <p>More than 300 VOC families are released into the atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are significant contributors to air pollution and pose serious risks to human health and the environment. The most prominent sources of VOCs are vehicular, industrial emissions as well as photochemical smog, and ozone generation. As a result, VOCs are either eliminated or reused after recoveries using a variety of technologies nowadays. During the last few decades, dozens of new VOCs abatement technologies have been developed. Adsorption, biological degradation, non-thermal and thermal plasma oxidation, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and condensation technologies have been investigated. In comparison with other VOC removal technologies, photocatalytic oxidation for VOC removal has recently attracted much attention. This review critically examines the advancements in catalytic technologies for VOC abatement, focusing on both noble and non-noble metal-based catalysts. Catalytic oxidation emerges as a highly effective method due to its simplicity, energy efficiency, and ability to convert VOCs into harmless byproducts like CO₂ and H₂O. The performance of catalysts is influenced by factors such as support materials, particle size, synthesis methods, and reaction conditions. Recent innovations include hybrid systems combining catalysis with plasma, photolysis, or adsorption to enhance removal efficiency. Mechanistic models such as Mars–van Krevelen, Langmuir–Hinshelwood, and Eley–Rideal are discussed to explain VOC degradation pathways. The review highlights the potential of mixed metal oxides and nanomaterials for future applications in indoor air purification and industrial emission control, emphasizing the need for sustainable and scalable solutions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>