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<p>An eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CuO nanoparticles using onion (<i>Allium sepa</i>) extract was compared with pristine chemical synthesis. The confirmation of copper oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles was done by using Fourier transform infrared, Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). The band gap was calculated via Wood and Tauc relation. The crystallite sizes of nanoparticles were calculated using Debye–Scherrer and Williamson–Hall equations using X-ray diffraction. SEM–EDX has confirmed the surface morphology and elemental analysis of nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity has been performed against two bacterial strains <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (gram + ve)<i>, and</i>&#xa0;<i>Psuedomonas aeruginosa</i> (Gram -ve)<i>.</i> The photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles was observed against methylene blue in UV light. The pristine Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CuO nps reusability has been checked for MB after four successive cycles. The decrease in band gap results in an increase in the percentage degradation with relation to crystallite size and particle size of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of green synthesized Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and CuO nanoparticles showed greater efficiency when compared to the pristine nanoparticles. </p> Graphical abstract

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Pristine and green synthesis of Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles using Allium cepa for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Faryal Sakina,
  • Shaista Ali,
  • Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh,
  • Ayesha Imtiaz,
  • Abid Mahmood

摘要

An eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles using onion (Allium sepa) extract was compared with pristine chemical synthesis. The confirmation of copper oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles was done by using Fourier transform infrared, Ultraviolet–Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM–EDX). The band gap was calculated via Wood and Tauc relation. The crystallite sizes of nanoparticles were calculated using Debye–Scherrer and Williamson–Hall equations using X-ray diffraction. SEM–EDX has confirmed the surface morphology and elemental analysis of nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity has been performed against two bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis (gram + ve), and Psuedomonas aeruginosa (Gram -ve). The photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles was observed against methylene blue in UV light. The pristine Fe2O3 and CuO nps reusability has been checked for MB after four successive cycles. The decrease in band gap results in an increase in the percentage degradation with relation to crystallite size and particle size of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of green synthesized Fe2O3 and CuO nanoparticles showed greater efficiency when compared to the pristine nanoparticles.

Graphical abstract