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<p>Developing sustainable packaging materials is vital to mitigating petroleum-based plastic pollution. While natural biomass materials like cellulose and lignin offer immense potential, the broad application of alkaline lignin is hindered by its deep chromaticity and poor interfacial compatibility. Herein, we propose a green, scalable hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) oxidation strategy to prepare modified lignin (L-H<sub>x</sub>) as a multifunctional reinforcing phase for cellulose nanofiber (CF) composite films. This modification achieves efficient decolorization and&#xa0;significantly increases the hydroxyl content of lignin from 2.78 to 5.89&#xa0;mmol/g, facilitating robust hydrogen bonding interactions with the CF matrix. At 16.7 wt% L-H<sub>x</sub> loading, the composite film delivers a remarkable tensile strength of 73.6&#xa0;MPa. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further elucidate this strengthening mechanism, revealing a surge in intermolecular hydrogen bonds from 281.1 to 781.3. Notably, the unique structural properties of modified lignin endow the film with near-complete UV shielding, exceptional flame retardancy (LOI of 40.1%), and superior antibacterial activity (&gt; 99.99%). Moreover, the film extends the preservation of cherry tomatoes to 15&#xa0;days and exhibits near-complete macroscopic degradation in soil within 60&#xa0;days. By elucidating the “structural regulation-interfacial interaction-property enhancement” relationship, this study paves a robust pathway for high-value lignin utilization and the rational design of high-performance, multifunctional bio-based packaging.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Green preparation of nanocellulose/H2O2-modified lignin composite films and their antibacterial, flame-retardant, and food preservation properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Xiaogang Liu,
  • Shiyi Zeng,
  • Jingru Liu,
  • Wanting Zhu,
  • Xin Tong,
  • Jing Li

摘要

Developing sustainable packaging materials is vital to mitigating petroleum-based plastic pollution. While natural biomass materials like cellulose and lignin offer immense potential, the broad application of alkaline lignin is hindered by its deep chromaticity and poor interfacial compatibility. Herein, we propose a green, scalable hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) oxidation strategy to prepare modified lignin (L-Hx) as a multifunctional reinforcing phase for cellulose nanofiber (CF) composite films. This modification achieves efficient decolorization and significantly increases the hydroxyl content of lignin from 2.78 to 5.89 mmol/g, facilitating robust hydrogen bonding interactions with the CF matrix. At 16.7 wt% L-Hx loading, the composite film delivers a remarkable tensile strength of 73.6 MPa. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further elucidate this strengthening mechanism, revealing a surge in intermolecular hydrogen bonds from 281.1 to 781.3. Notably, the unique structural properties of modified lignin endow the film with near-complete UV shielding, exceptional flame retardancy (LOI of 40.1%), and superior antibacterial activity (> 99.99%). Moreover, the film extends the preservation of cherry tomatoes to 15 days and exhibits near-complete macroscopic degradation in soil within 60 days. By elucidating the “structural regulation-interfacial interaction-property enhancement” relationship, this study paves a robust pathway for high-value lignin utilization and the rational design of high-performance, multifunctional bio-based packaging.

Graphical abstract