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<p>Aqueous dispersion polymerization (ADP) suffers from limitations such as low molecular weight, poor stability and inadequate fluidity of the resulting polymers. To address these challenges, a novel hydrophobic associating dispersant (PDH) was synthesized via copolymerization of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) with a polymerizable hydrophobic monomer containing long-chain alkyl groups. PDH was employed as a stabilizer in the ADP of acrylamide and DMC to prepare a cationic polymer (PFR). The effects of hydrophobic monomer concentration and PDH dosage on polymerization behavior and product performance were systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, PFR achieved a molecular weight of approximately 8.75 × 10<sup>6</sup> g/mol, exceeding that of conventional CPAM (7.31 × 10<sup>6</sup> g/mol). Its 10 wt% aqueous solution exhibited a viscosity of 276.0 mPa s, and the dispersion remained stable without phase separation over 12&#xa0;h. PFR also demonstrated enhanced thermal stability (90&#xa0;°C) and superior shear resistance and viscoelasticity compared to CPAM. Mechanistic studies revealed that PDH, with its relatively low molecular weight and hydrophobic alkyl side chains, undergoes salt-induced chain coiling in high-salinity medium, promoting intramolecular hydrophobic association. This conformation enhances adsorption efficiency and surface anchoring, providing robust steric hindrance and electrostatic stabilization. These synergistic effects suppress particle coalescence and bridging, ensuring uniform nucleation, fine particle size, and long-term dispersion stability. This work demonstrates significant potential for applications such as increasing crude oil recovery, boosting the proppant-carrying capability of fracturing fluids, and preserving wellbore integrity.</p> Graphical abstract

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The stabilization mechanism of a novel hydrophobic associating dispersant in aqueous dispersion polymerization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Wenfeng Jia,
  • Jinran Wang,
  • Yuqi Chen,
  • Liwei Cao,
  • Jiajun Song,
  • Chenggang Xian

摘要

Aqueous dispersion polymerization (ADP) suffers from limitations such as low molecular weight, poor stability and inadequate fluidity of the resulting polymers. To address these challenges, a novel hydrophobic associating dispersant (PDH) was synthesized via copolymerization of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) with a polymerizable hydrophobic monomer containing long-chain alkyl groups. PDH was employed as a stabilizer in the ADP of acrylamide and DMC to prepare a cationic polymer (PFR). The effects of hydrophobic monomer concentration and PDH dosage on polymerization behavior and product performance were systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, PFR achieved a molecular weight of approximately 8.75 × 106 g/mol, exceeding that of conventional CPAM (7.31 × 106 g/mol). Its 10 wt% aqueous solution exhibited a viscosity of 276.0 mPa s, and the dispersion remained stable without phase separation over 12 h. PFR also demonstrated enhanced thermal stability (90 °C) and superior shear resistance and viscoelasticity compared to CPAM. Mechanistic studies revealed that PDH, with its relatively low molecular weight and hydrophobic alkyl side chains, undergoes salt-induced chain coiling in high-salinity medium, promoting intramolecular hydrophobic association. This conformation enhances adsorption efficiency and surface anchoring, providing robust steric hindrance and electrostatic stabilization. These synergistic effects suppress particle coalescence and bridging, ensuring uniform nucleation, fine particle size, and long-term dispersion stability. This work demonstrates significant potential for applications such as increasing crude oil recovery, boosting the proppant-carrying capability of fracturing fluids, and preserving wellbore integrity.

Graphical abstract