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<p>Recent advancements in novel biomaterials have garnered significant attention, particularly for biomedical applications. Over the past few decades, a variety of elastomeric bio-nanocomposites with exceptional performance have been developed, combining elastomers and bio-based nanofillers. This research focuses on the modification of nanocellulose (NC) by Cassia fistula seed gum (CFG), a natural polysaccharide with excellent antibacterial properties, to enhance interface bonding and improve the properties of elastomeric composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a fibrous structure of CFG-modified NC (CFGNC) with an average fibre diameter of 80&#xa0;nm. Successful modification of NC was confirmed through elemental analysis (EDX), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the crystallinity of NC with CFG was revealed through X-ray diffractogram. The CFGNC was incorporated into deproteinized natural rubber (NR) latex to prepare elastomeric bio-nanocomposites. The NR/CFGNC-2 composite exhibited a 35% increase in tensile strength and a 65% enhancement in modulus compared to NR/CFGNC-0. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed enhanced thermal stability, with improvements of 21&#xa0;°C and 10&#xa0;°C for CFGNC and NR/CFGNC-2 composite, respectively. Antibacterial assays confirmed effective inhibition against common bacterial pathogens, validating the bioactive nature of CFGNC. The utilization of CFG as an NC modifier represents a novel and sustainable biopolymer functionalization strategy, enhancing dispersion, interfacial compatibility, and network formation within the NR matrix. This synergistic integration of renewable nanocellulose and natural gum offers a promising route to develop multifunctional, high-performance, and eco-friendly elastomeric composites tailored for diverse biomedical and sustainable material applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Nanocellulose modification with cassia fistula seed gum for high-performance antibacterial natural rubber composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • M. P. Poornima,
  • Mehar Al Minnath,
  • P. Dileep,
  • Sinto Jacob

摘要

Recent advancements in novel biomaterials have garnered significant attention, particularly for biomedical applications. Over the past few decades, a variety of elastomeric bio-nanocomposites with exceptional performance have been developed, combining elastomers and bio-based nanofillers. This research focuses on the modification of nanocellulose (NC) by Cassia fistula seed gum (CFG), a natural polysaccharide with excellent antibacterial properties, to enhance interface bonding and improve the properties of elastomeric composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a fibrous structure of CFG-modified NC (CFGNC) with an average fibre diameter of 80 nm. Successful modification of NC was confirmed through elemental analysis (EDX), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while the crystallinity of NC with CFG was revealed through X-ray diffractogram. The CFGNC was incorporated into deproteinized natural rubber (NR) latex to prepare elastomeric bio-nanocomposites. The NR/CFGNC-2 composite exhibited a 35% increase in tensile strength and a 65% enhancement in modulus compared to NR/CFGNC-0. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed enhanced thermal stability, with improvements of 21 °C and 10 °C for CFGNC and NR/CFGNC-2 composite, respectively. Antibacterial assays confirmed effective inhibition against common bacterial pathogens, validating the bioactive nature of CFGNC. The utilization of CFG as an NC modifier represents a novel and sustainable biopolymer functionalization strategy, enhancing dispersion, interfacial compatibility, and network formation within the NR matrix. This synergistic integration of renewable nanocellulose and natural gum offers a promising route to develop multifunctional, high-performance, and eco-friendly elastomeric composites tailored for diverse biomedical and sustainable material applications.

Graphical abstract