<p>The ramie fibre is known for its high cellulose content which imparts desirable attributes such as high tensile strength, low density, and excellent thermal stability to the composites. Ramie fibre polymer composites have emerged as a promising solution in the quest for biodegradable, sustainable, and recyclable materials. This comprehensive review examines the recent advancements in ramie fibre reinforced polymer composites, commencing from the fibre extraction and surface modification techniques. The physico-mechanical and chemical properties of the ramie fibre have been compared with those of other natural fibres. Further, composite preparation methods, mechanical behavior, interfacial properties, and diverse applications of ramie-polymer composites have been discussed. The observations of this review indicate that various physical and chemical modifications, including surface treatments, coatings, grafting, nano finishing, etc., facilitate stress transfer and load distribution within the composite, thereby enhancing its tensile properties. The review emphasizes the need for easy fibre extraction and eco-friendly degumming methods. The incorporation of suitable fillers and other natural/synthetic fibres in ramie fibre composites also results in the enhancement of mechanical properties such as strength, stiffness, and impact resistance, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including automobiles, insulations, building and construction, biomedical, and home furnishing.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>