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<p>High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes exhibit anisotropic creep behavior due to the extrusion manufacturing process. While axial creep behavior can be evaluated using conventional creep tests, assessing circumferential creep behavior is more challenging because of specimen preparation constraints. Conventional creep testing is also time-intensive. In this study, a small punch creep test (SPCT) was conducted at 34&#xa0;°C in ambient air using miniature specimens extracted from the mid-wall of HDPE pipes in both axial and circumferential orientations. To accelerate testing, the stepped isostress method (SSM) was applied. This combined SPCT–SSM approach enabled efficient investigation of the anisotropic creep behavior of HDPE pipes. Master curves were constructed from the SPCT data using SSM methodology. The results showed that creep life in the axial direction was markedly longer than in the circumferential direction. The findings demonstrate that combining SPCT with SSM provides an effective accelerated creep testing method. Moreover, the results confirm that specimens extracted only in the axial direction are insufficient for accurate long-term creep life assessment of HDPE pipes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Assessment of creep behavior of HDPE pipe using a combined small punch creep test and stepped isostress method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月3日

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  • Chunmei Bai,
  • Sixiong Zeng,
  • Huan Sheng Lai,
  • Rong Lin,
  • Jinquan Guo,
  • Qifei Huang

摘要

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes exhibit anisotropic creep behavior due to the extrusion manufacturing process. While axial creep behavior can be evaluated using conventional creep tests, assessing circumferential creep behavior is more challenging because of specimen preparation constraints. Conventional creep testing is also time-intensive. In this study, a small punch creep test (SPCT) was conducted at 34 °C in ambient air using miniature specimens extracted from the mid-wall of HDPE pipes in both axial and circumferential orientations. To accelerate testing, the stepped isostress method (SSM) was applied. This combined SPCT–SSM approach enabled efficient investigation of the anisotropic creep behavior of HDPE pipes. Master curves were constructed from the SPCT data using SSM methodology. The results showed that creep life in the axial direction was markedly longer than in the circumferential direction. The findings demonstrate that combining SPCT with SSM provides an effective accelerated creep testing method. Moreover, the results confirm that specimens extracted only in the axial direction are insufficient for accurate long-term creep life assessment of HDPE pipes.

Graphical abstract