<p>This study presents a comprehensive exploration of advanced synthesis and functionalization strategies to significantly enhance the electrical and thermal properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composites. Leveraging techniques such as in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, and solution-based processing, the research achieves uniform CNT dispersion and robust interfacial bonding with the polymer matrix. These innovations result in remarkable property enhancements, including up to a 150% increase in electrical conductivity and a 200% improvement in thermal conductivity. Such advancements are pivotal for applications in industries that demand high-performance materials, including aerospace, automotive, energy storage, and electronics. For instance, CNT composites demonstrate superior heat dissipation in thermal management systems and enhanced electrical integrity in energy storage devices and flexible electronics. The study emphasizes the role of functionalization strategies, both covalent and non-covalent, in optimizing the compatibility of CNTs with diverse polymer matrices. These approaches significantly reduce the percolation threshold, allowing continuous conductive networks at lower CNT loadings while maintaining material flexibility. Rigorous characterization through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and laser flash analysis (LFA) validates these improvements, showcasing the potential for scalable application. Beyond these advancements, the research identifies key challenges, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. It proposes future directions to address these issues, such as green chemistry approaches and application-specific designs. This work underscores the transformative potential of CNT polymer composites, paving the way for innovative applications in critical engineering sectors and establishing a new standard for high-performance materials.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>