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<p>This study highlights the development of an environmentally friendly and efficient cation exchanger for the removal of Pb(II) ions from water. The semi-IPN structure was transformed into an IPN (PAipnHPMA) by interpenetrating poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) chains within the matrix under pre-optimized reaction conditions. The IPN was subsequently phosphorylated to produce the cation exchanger (PAipn/CE). Removal percentage of lead metal ion was calculated under various conditions, including a reaction time of 300&#xa0;min, pH 6.0, adsorbent dosage of 75&#xa0;mg, temperature of 30&#xa0;°C, and an initial metal ion concentration of 2.0&#xa0;ppm. The IEC was measured at 0.61 milliequivalent&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, with Pb(II) removal efficiency of 84.73%. Adsorption isotherm analysis revealed a rate constant (<i>K</i><sub>f</sub>) of 1.1210 and <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.95, aligning with the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters, such as entropy (Δ<i>S</i>°), enthalpy (Δ<i>H</i>°), and Gibbs free energy change (Δ<i>G</i>°), were assessed using a Van’t Hoff plot, confirming the spontaneity and feasibility of the adsorption process based on negative Δ<i>G</i>° values across six temperature levels. The PAipn/CE exhibited outstanding performance in Pb(II) elimination. Additionally, re-usability tests indicated that the cation exchanger maintained effective performance over four cycles, with Pb(II) removal percentages ranging from 84.38 to 67.7% by the fourth cycle.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis of an eco-friendly cation exchanger through phosphorylation of a 3-D interpenetrating network for Pb(II) removal from water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月11日

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  • Balram,
  • Balbir Singh Kaith,
  • Rohit Mehra

摘要

This study highlights the development of an environmentally friendly and efficient cation exchanger for the removal of Pb(II) ions from water. The semi-IPN structure was transformed into an IPN (PAipnHPMA) by interpenetrating poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) chains within the matrix under pre-optimized reaction conditions. The IPN was subsequently phosphorylated to produce the cation exchanger (PAipn/CE). Removal percentage of lead metal ion was calculated under various conditions, including a reaction time of 300 min, pH 6.0, adsorbent dosage of 75 mg, temperature of 30 °C, and an initial metal ion concentration of 2.0 ppm. The IEC was measured at 0.61 milliequivalent g−1, with Pb(II) removal efficiency of 84.73%. Adsorption isotherm analysis revealed a rate constant (Kf) of 1.1210 and R2 = 0.95, aligning with the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters, such as entropy (ΔS°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°), were assessed using a Van’t Hoff plot, confirming the spontaneity and feasibility of the adsorption process based on negative ΔG° values across six temperature levels. The PAipn/CE exhibited outstanding performance in Pb(II) elimination. Additionally, re-usability tests indicated that the cation exchanger maintained effective performance over four cycles, with Pb(II) removal percentages ranging from 84.38 to 67.7% by the fourth cycle.

Graphical abstract