Purpose of Review <p>Pregnancy is a critical period for fetal organ system development with lifelong consequences for the health of the offspring. While the intrauterine environment effects all organ systems, this review focuses on its impact on brain health. Specifically, we focus on one modifiable (actionable) influence on brain health, namely pregnancy nutrition. The goal of this review is twofold: (i) To discuss the importance of pregnancy nutrition as a driver of lifelong metabolic health and wellness; and (ii) To summarize current evidence-based nutrition guidelines on how best to optimize fetal brain development before, during, and after pregnancy.</p> Recent Findings <p>Brain development starts early in gestation, even before a woman knows she is pregnant, and continues throughout a person’s life. Adequate nutrition during pregnancy—including appropriate consumption and/or supplementation of macro- and micronutrients—is critical for structural and functional brain development. Recent data suggest that the most important time to optimize maternal nutrition is in the pre-pregnancy period.</p> Summary <p>Following a ‘healthy balanced diet’ as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Department of Health and Human Services is a key driver of health for the pregnancy and the offspring, including brain health. Since pregnancy health is determined primarily by the health of the mother around the time of conception, attention to nutrition is especially important during the pre-pregnancy period. However, since brain development is a lifelong process, it is never too late to promote healthy eating.</p>