Purpose <p>Endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory condition traditionally associated with pelvic pain and infertility, is increasingly recognized as a systemic disorder with significant neurologic implications. This review synthesizes current clinical and preclinical findings that elucidate the neurological manifestations of endometriosis, including nerve infiltration, neuroinflammation, autonomic dysfunction, and structural and functional brain changes.</p> Recent Findings <p>Emerging evidence highlights a complex interplay between ectopic endometrial lesions and the nervous system, involving both peripheral and central mechanisms of pain sensitization, neuroimmune dysregulation, and comorbid neurologic and psychiatric conditions. The discussion also encompasses rare but critical cases of central and peripheral nerve involvement, as well as the frequent co-occurrence of migraines, cognitive impairments, and mood disorders. By integrating insights from neuroscience, immunology, and gynecology, this paper underscores the need for multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p> Summary <p>Recognizing endometriosis as a disorder with neurologic dimensions is essential for improving patient outcomes and guiding future research toward more effective, individualized interventions.</p>