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Purpose of Review <p>Obesity has emerged as a worldwide health issue because of sedentary lifestyles, inadequate nutritional practices, and metabolic dysfunction. Traditional anti-obesity medications, although efficacious, often exhibit considerable adverse effects, resulting in their market removal. Consequently, there is increasing interest in natural phytoconstituents that may regulate obesity by influencing appetite, satiety, and energy expenditure via thermogenesis. This review emphasizes on various bioactive phytoconstituents that ameliorate obesity by modulating energy expenditure and appetite while also putting the focus on various reported mechanisms of the determined effect.</p> Recent Findings <p>Appetite and satiety are regulated by hypothalamic neurons (AgRP/NPY and POMC) and gastrointestinal hormones (ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, PYY), with phytoconstituents such as celastrol, protopanaxadiol, hydroxycitric acid, naringenin, and β-sitosterol successfully inhibiting appetite via these mechanisms. Furthermore, thermogenic agents like capsaicin, gingerols, curcumin, caffeine, fucoxanthin, and resveratrol increase energy expenditure by stimulating brown adipose tissue (BAT), upregulating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and facilitating lipolysis. Certain phytoconstituents, such as β-caryophyllene and guggulsterone, demonstrate dual actions by suppressing hunger and enhancing thermogenesis. In comparison to traditional anti-obesity medications (e.g., phentermine, sibutramine, GLP-1 agonists), these natural alternatives have similar effectiveness with less side effects, establishing them as viable therapeutic choices for obesity treatment.</p> Summary <p>This study emphasizes the efficacy of phytoconstituents in obesity management via hunger suppression and thermogenic stimulation. These natural substances provide a safer and more effective method for weight control by focusing on neuroendocrine signaling, mitochondrial uncoupling, and adipokine modulation. Future research must concentrate on clinical validation, increase of bioavailability, and synergistic combinations to maximize anti-obesity benefits.</p>

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Bioactive Phytoconstituents Targeting Energy Expenditure and Appetite to Combat Obesity: A Comprehensive Review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Gayatri Thapa,
  • Pervej Alom Barbhuiya,
  • Manash Pratim Pathak

摘要

Purpose of Review

Obesity has emerged as a worldwide health issue because of sedentary lifestyles, inadequate nutritional practices, and metabolic dysfunction. Traditional anti-obesity medications, although efficacious, often exhibit considerable adverse effects, resulting in their market removal. Consequently, there is increasing interest in natural phytoconstituents that may regulate obesity by influencing appetite, satiety, and energy expenditure via thermogenesis. This review emphasizes on various bioactive phytoconstituents that ameliorate obesity by modulating energy expenditure and appetite while also putting the focus on various reported mechanisms of the determined effect.

Recent Findings

Appetite and satiety are regulated by hypothalamic neurons (AgRP/NPY and POMC) and gastrointestinal hormones (ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, PYY), with phytoconstituents such as celastrol, protopanaxadiol, hydroxycitric acid, naringenin, and β-sitosterol successfully inhibiting appetite via these mechanisms. Furthermore, thermogenic agents like capsaicin, gingerols, curcumin, caffeine, fucoxanthin, and resveratrol increase energy expenditure by stimulating brown adipose tissue (BAT), upregulating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), and facilitating lipolysis. Certain phytoconstituents, such as β-caryophyllene and guggulsterone, demonstrate dual actions by suppressing hunger and enhancing thermogenesis. In comparison to traditional anti-obesity medications (e.g., phentermine, sibutramine, GLP-1 agonists), these natural alternatives have similar effectiveness with less side effects, establishing them as viable therapeutic choices for obesity treatment.

Summary

This study emphasizes the efficacy of phytoconstituents in obesity management via hunger suppression and thermogenic stimulation. These natural substances provide a safer and more effective method for weight control by focusing on neuroendocrine signaling, mitochondrial uncoupling, and adipokine modulation. Future research must concentrate on clinical validation, increase of bioavailability, and synergistic combinations to maximize anti-obesity benefits.