<p>This study investigated the microstructure and corrosion behavior of iron-based artifacts from the Khirbet Yajuz archaeological site in Jordan. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and optical microscopy were used to analyze the elemental composition of the alloy, corrosion layers, and to reveal the microstructure. Microhardness testing was utilized to assess mechanical properties, while energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to assess elemental and mineralogical composition of corrosion products, respectively. SEM-EDS and elemental mapping revealed composition of the alloy, presence of slag inclusions, corrosion stratigraphy, and elemental distribution in the layers. Metallographic study revealed α-ferrite grains, lamellar pearlite aggregates, and inclusions of slag in a nail. The same type of features was present in an arrowhead, along with intergranular and spheroidized carbides. A bracelet and coffin corner were fully mineralized. Microhardness tests also validated these findings since the test revealed a predominance of ferrite with minute traces of pearlite and carbides in the alloy. These findings confirm that the artifacts were made of wrought iron. ED-XRF examination identified chloride-containing corrosion products on the nail and arrowhead. XRD confirmed the presence of magnetite (Fe₃O₄), goethite (α-FeOOH), and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) on all the artifacts analyzed, but identified akaganeite (β-FeO(OH,Cl)) only on the nail, which is consistent with the ED-XRF results. The research helped explain the mechanism and condition of corrosion, which showed the need for dechlorination to stabilize certain of the artifacts. Long-term stability requires improved storage with stable low relative humidity.</p>