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<p>Wrought iron is known as a material of antiquity, with archaeological evidence of production dating back approximately 5000&#xa0;years. Around the turn of the twentieth century, wrought iron was produced by a transient liquid phase processing method, known as <i>puddling</i>. The present work discusses the historical process of puddling to produce wrought iron and relates effects of this process on the microstructure. Microstructure analysis and mechanical testing were performed on a wrought iron, boiler stay-bolt from a steam locomotive built in the early twentieth century. State-of-the-art characterization techniques revealed the composition, anisotropic microstructure, and chemical distribution in the ferrite and slag. Mechanical testing and fracture analysis indicated anisotropic mechanical performance reflecting the microstructure and processing technology used to produce the wrought iron.</p>

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Microstructure, Processing, and Properties of Early Twentieth Century Wrought Iron

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月21日

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  • Rebekah A. Smith,
  • Virginia K. Euser,
  • Melissa Thrun,
  • Matthew Harvey,
  • Joshua J. Mueller

摘要

Wrought iron is known as a material of antiquity, with archaeological evidence of production dating back approximately 5000 years. Around the turn of the twentieth century, wrought iron was produced by a transient liquid phase processing method, known as puddling. The present work discusses the historical process of puddling to produce wrought iron and relates effects of this process on the microstructure. Microstructure analysis and mechanical testing were performed on a wrought iron, boiler stay-bolt from a steam locomotive built in the early twentieth century. State-of-the-art characterization techniques revealed the composition, anisotropic microstructure, and chemical distribution in the ferrite and slag. Mechanical testing and fracture analysis indicated anisotropic mechanical performance reflecting the microstructure and processing technology used to produce the wrought iron.