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<p>This study investigates the microstructural characteristics of the heat-affected zone in bead-on-pipe welding of X80 sour service pipes using Gas Metal Arc Welding with a rotating electrode, comparing it to the conventional welding process. The findings indicate that variations in heat input significantly influence the microhardness, prior austenitic grain size, and the microstructure of the coarse grain heat-affected zone, while the introduction of the rotating process and changes in rotation frequency had minimal effect. The X80 steel studied can be welded with parameters usually applied by the conventional GMAW process. The different rotation frequencies of the GMAW-RE process led to equivalent microstructural effects, resulting in a wider range of welding parameters within which this material can be welded. The findings from heat input variation with the GMAW process indicated that suitable mechanical properties can be achieved for welding with heat inputs up to 1.5&#xa0;kJ/mm. The use of EBSD as a complementary technique for HAZ microstructure characterization produced similar results to those obtained from SEM analysis. This technique is believed to be more effective in distinguishing between bainitic and martensitic microstructures in high-strength steels, particularly low-carbon martensite, which is more challenging to be clarified by SEM.</p>

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Microstructure Characterization of the Coarse Grain Heat Affected Zone of X80 Steel Welded by the GMAW-RE Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月12日

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  • Gilmar Z. Batista,
  • Vicente Trindade,
  • Matheus C. Mendes,
  • Luís Felipe G. de Souza,
  • Jorge C. F. Jorge

摘要

This study investigates the microstructural characteristics of the heat-affected zone in bead-on-pipe welding of X80 sour service pipes using Gas Metal Arc Welding with a rotating electrode, comparing it to the conventional welding process. The findings indicate that variations in heat input significantly influence the microhardness, prior austenitic grain size, and the microstructure of the coarse grain heat-affected zone, while the introduction of the rotating process and changes in rotation frequency had minimal effect. The X80 steel studied can be welded with parameters usually applied by the conventional GMAW process. The different rotation frequencies of the GMAW-RE process led to equivalent microstructural effects, resulting in a wider range of welding parameters within which this material can be welded. The findings from heat input variation with the GMAW process indicated that suitable mechanical properties can be achieved for welding with heat inputs up to 1.5 kJ/mm. The use of EBSD as a complementary technique for HAZ microstructure characterization produced similar results to those obtained from SEM analysis. This technique is believed to be more effective in distinguishing between bainitic and martensitic microstructures in high-strength steels, particularly low-carbon martensite, which is more challenging to be clarified by SEM.