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<p>In this research, the microstructural characteristics of Stellite 21 alloy fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) and mechanical alloying (MA) are studied with SEM, EDS, XRD, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The AMed specimens are built using Stellite 21 powder in longitudinal and transverse direction, respectively. Meanwhile, the elemental powders with Stellite 21 chemical composition but without carbon are mechanically alloyed, followed by solidifying in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) process. It is found that the microstructures of the AMed Stellite 21 built in longitudinal or transverse direction are similar, but they differ from that of cast form, in that the precipitates (carbides and intermetallics) are uniformly distributed at grain boundaries and also disperse in the solid solution matrix. The EBSD analyses reveal a high ratio of hcp Co solid solution in the AMed specimens, while the Co solid solution in cast Stellite 21 alloy is nearly entire fcc phase. The microstructures of the solidified Stellite 21 samples from the DSC process with MAed powders exhibit similar microstructural characteristics of cast Stellite 21, but due to carbon involvement in the MA process, carbides in the alloys increase with milling duration.</p>

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Microstructural Characteristics of Stellite 21 Alloy Manufactured with Different Processes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月7日

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  • S. Q. Li,
  • X. Y. Wu,
  • R. Liu,
  • M. X. Yao,
  • Z. Q. Wang

摘要

In this research, the microstructural characteristics of Stellite 21 alloy fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) and mechanical alloying (MA) are studied with SEM, EDS, XRD, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The AMed specimens are built using Stellite 21 powder in longitudinal and transverse direction, respectively. Meanwhile, the elemental powders with Stellite 21 chemical composition but without carbon are mechanically alloyed, followed by solidifying in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) process. It is found that the microstructures of the AMed Stellite 21 built in longitudinal or transverse direction are similar, but they differ from that of cast form, in that the precipitates (carbides and intermetallics) are uniformly distributed at grain boundaries and also disperse in the solid solution matrix. The EBSD analyses reveal a high ratio of hcp Co solid solution in the AMed specimens, while the Co solid solution in cast Stellite 21 alloy is nearly entire fcc phase. The microstructures of the solidified Stellite 21 samples from the DSC process with MAed powders exhibit similar microstructural characteristics of cast Stellite 21, but due to carbon involvement in the MA process, carbides in the alloys increase with milling duration.