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<p><i>Graptophyllum grandulosum</i> (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for its therapeutic properties and known to contain several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of the aqueous extract of <i>G. grandulosum</i> on tramadol-induced addiction and to determine whether its efficacy differs between sexes. Eighty-four adolescents Wistar rats of both sexes were used. Addiction-like behavior was induced using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, while risk taking behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM). Neurochemical and oxidative stress markers were subsequently analyzed in the striatum and hippocampus. Treatment with the aqueous extract of <i>G. grandulosum</i> significantly attenuated tramadol-induced addictive-seeking behavior in the CPP test and reduced risk-taking behavior in the EPM. The extract also prevented tramadol-induced neurochemical alterations by limiting the increase in dopamine levels and the decrease in GABA levels. In addition, it modulated oxidative stress parameters by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels while enhancing antioxidant defenses, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity, and glutathione (GSH). Overall, these findings suggest that <i>G. grandulosum</i> may exert protective effects against behavioral and biochemical alterations associated with tramadol addiction, with comparable efficacy in male and female rats.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Anti-addictive properties of Graptophyllum grandulosum on tramadol abuse in adolescent Wistar rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Stève Brunel Kenfack Ngoufack,
  • Gwladys Temkou Ngoupaye,
  • Chirac Jospin Noubouwo,
  • Aurelien Fossueh Foutsop,
  • Blesdel Maxwell Adassi,
  • Bibiane Tatiana Diebo Kom,
  • Valdys Borelle Ndassi Wodjom,
  • Francis Bray Yassi,
  • King-Ghislain Kenne Gnoupa

摘要

Graptophyllum grandulosum (Acanthaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for its therapeutic properties and known to contain several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of the aqueous extract of G. grandulosum on tramadol-induced addiction and to determine whether its efficacy differs between sexes. Eighty-four adolescents Wistar rats of both sexes were used. Addiction-like behavior was induced using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, while risk taking behavior was assessed using the elevated plus maze (EPM). Neurochemical and oxidative stress markers were subsequently analyzed in the striatum and hippocampus. Treatment with the aqueous extract of G. grandulosum significantly attenuated tramadol-induced addictive-seeking behavior in the CPP test and reduced risk-taking behavior in the EPM. The extract also prevented tramadol-induced neurochemical alterations by limiting the increase in dopamine levels and the decrease in GABA levels. In addition, it modulated oxidative stress parameters by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels while enhancing antioxidant defenses, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity, and glutathione (GSH). Overall, these findings suggest that G. grandulosum may exert protective effects against behavioral and biochemical alterations associated with tramadol addiction, with comparable efficacy in male and female rats.

Graphical abstract