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<p>Typhoid fever continues to impose a substantial public health burden globally and particularly in Cameroon, where rising antibiotic resistance significantly complicates treatment. Traditional medicine, often serving as a primary healthcare option in rural regions, offers a potential avenue for alternative therapies. Previous investigations reported the in vitro anti-Salmonella activity of concoction P16, derived from <i>Detarium senegalensis</i> and <i>Cochlospermum tinctorium</i>. The present study was designed to assess the in vivo safety and curative efficacy of this promising P16 concoction in rodent models. The acute oral toxicity of P16 was evaluated in mice following OECD Guideline 423, demonstrating excellent tolerability with a lethal dose 50 (LD<sub>50</sub>) exceeding 2000&#xa0;mg/kg body weight, thereby classifying it as low-toxicity. For efficacy assessment, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>-infected Wistar rats were orally administered P16 at doses of 75, 150, and 300&#xa0;mg/kg body weight. P16 treatment significantly reduced the bacterial load within 10 days, leading to complete bacterial clearance from fecal matter. Comprehensive safety assessments, including biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses, generally revealed no significant adverse effects on vital organs such as the liver and kidneys or key blood parameters at therapeutic dose. However, localized intestinal edema was observed at the highest dose (300 mg/kg). These findings collectively indicate that concoction P16 possesses significant anti-typhoid activity and a favorable safety profile within the tested therapeutic range in the studied animal models. Further research is imperative to isolate and characterize the active compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects, elucidate their precise mechanisms of action, and develop standardized formulations for potential clinical application.</p>

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Preclinical evaluation of the anti-typhoid efficacy and safety of a traditional herbal concoction (P16) from Detarium senegalensis and Cochlospermum tinctorium in rodent models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou,
  • Julliette Junko Ntishi,
  • Gerald Ngo Teke,
  • Marius Jaures Tsakem Nangap,
  • Manuella Chloe Mouandji,
  • Brice Rostan Pinlap,
  • Lauve Rachel Tchokouaha Yamthe,
  • Issakou Bakarnga-via,
  • Fabrice Fekam Boyom

摘要

Typhoid fever continues to impose a substantial public health burden globally and particularly in Cameroon, where rising antibiotic resistance significantly complicates treatment. Traditional medicine, often serving as a primary healthcare option in rural regions, offers a potential avenue for alternative therapies. Previous investigations reported the in vitro anti-Salmonella activity of concoction P16, derived from Detarium senegalensis and Cochlospermum tinctorium. The present study was designed to assess the in vivo safety and curative efficacy of this promising P16 concoction in rodent models. The acute oral toxicity of P16 was evaluated in mice following OECD Guideline 423, demonstrating excellent tolerability with a lethal dose 50 (LD50) exceeding 2000 mg/kg body weight, thereby classifying it as low-toxicity. For efficacy assessment, Salmonella typhimurium-infected Wistar rats were orally administered P16 at doses of 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg body weight. P16 treatment significantly reduced the bacterial load within 10 days, leading to complete bacterial clearance from fecal matter. Comprehensive safety assessments, including biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses, generally revealed no significant adverse effects on vital organs such as the liver and kidneys or key blood parameters at therapeutic dose. However, localized intestinal edema was observed at the highest dose (300 mg/kg). These findings collectively indicate that concoction P16 possesses significant anti-typhoid activity and a favorable safety profile within the tested therapeutic range in the studied animal models. Further research is imperative to isolate and characterize the active compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects, elucidate their precise mechanisms of action, and develop standardized formulations for potential clinical application.