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<p>WRKY transcription factors play critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite their importance, the <i>WRKY</i> gene family in <i>Panax quinquefolius</i> L. remains largely unexplored, and their involvement in rusty root rot disease is poorly understood. In this study, 125 <i>PqWRKY</i> genes were identified from the <i>P. quinquefolius</i> genome using bioinformatics approaches. These genes were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, gene structures, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, and <i>cis</i>-acting regulatory elements. The <i>PqWRKY</i> genes were distributed across 12 pairs of homoeologous chromosomes, with homologs displaying similar yet distinct physicochemical properties. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the genes into three primary groups (I, II, and III) and five subgroups (IIa, IIb, IIc, IId, and IIe). Promoter analysis identified <i>cis</i>-elements associated with stress and hormone responses. Expression profiling under rusty root rot stress revealed functional differentiation among <i>PqWRKY</i> genes from various evolutionary branches. Notably, <i>PqWRKY2</i>,<i> 3</i>,<i> 4</i>,<i> 5</i>,<i> 6</i>,<i> 25</i>,<i> 26</i>,<i> 35</i>,<i> 38</i>,<i> 50</i>,<i> 60</i>,<i> 64</i>,<i> 65</i>,<i> 82</i>,<i> 85</i>,<i> 86</i>,<i> 88</i>,<i> 91</i>,<i> 102</i>,<i> 104</i>,<i> 112</i>,<i> 114</i>, and <i>124</i> exhibited significant expression changes in diseased leaves (BL)-vs-healthy leaves (AL) and diseased roots (BR)-vs-healthy roots (AR) comparisons, highlighting their potential roles in rusty root rot disease resistance. The subgenome grouping of the tetraploid genome of <i>P. quinquefolius</i> provides a new perspective for analyzing the evolutionary characteristics of gene families, and the study provides a foundational reference for further exploration of the function of the <i>PqWRKY</i> gene family in response to rusty root rot disease in heterogeneous habitats.</p>

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The WRKY gene family members in Panax quinquefolius L.: identification, evolution, and expression analysis in response to rusty root rot disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月6日

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  • Yuxue Pang,
  • Lei Chen,
  • Qingfeng Zhang,
  • Yukun Dong,
  • Hongtao Wang

摘要

WRKY transcription factors play critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite their importance, the WRKY gene family in Panax quinquefolius L. remains largely unexplored, and their involvement in rusty root rot disease is poorly understood. In this study, 125 PqWRKY genes were identified from the P. quinquefolius genome using bioinformatics approaches. These genes were characterized in terms of their physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, gene structures, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationships, and cis-acting regulatory elements. The PqWRKY genes were distributed across 12 pairs of homoeologous chromosomes, with homologs displaying similar yet distinct physicochemical properties. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the genes into three primary groups (I, II, and III) and five subgroups (IIa, IIb, IIc, IId, and IIe). Promoter analysis identified cis-elements associated with stress and hormone responses. Expression profiling under rusty root rot stress revealed functional differentiation among PqWRKY genes from various evolutionary branches. Notably, PqWRKY2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 25, 26, 35, 38, 50, 60, 64, 65, 82, 85, 86, 88, 91, 102, 104, 112, 114, and 124 exhibited significant expression changes in diseased leaves (BL)-vs-healthy leaves (AL) and diseased roots (BR)-vs-healthy roots (AR) comparisons, highlighting their potential roles in rusty root rot disease resistance. The subgenome grouping of the tetraploid genome of P. quinquefolius provides a new perspective for analyzing the evolutionary characteristics of gene families, and the study provides a foundational reference for further exploration of the function of the PqWRKY gene family in response to rusty root rot disease in heterogeneous habitats.