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<p>Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) has become a significant cathode material supporting the sustainable global energy transition. Unlike nickel-based batteries, LFP offers several advantages in terms of thermal stability, cost efficiency, and supply chain resilience, which are crucial aspects for its widespread adoption in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESS). This study aims to evaluate the strategic position of LFP through an integrative approach that includes bibliometric analysis, demand projection, and a SWOT evaluation. Using Scopus metadata from 2020 to 2024, this study identifies key trends in four dimensions: technical innovation, sectoral applications, economic dynamics, and sustainability. The bibliometric analysis reveals a strategic shift across four dimensions: technical research is prioritizing cathode stability and synthesis optimization; sectoral applications are increasingly focused on grid-scale ESS and EV integration; economic studies emphasize cost-competitiveness against NMC chemistries; and sustainability research is rapidly expanding into recycling and circular economy frameworks to enhance supply chain resilience. Global demand projections are derived through a log-linear regression model for the EV sector and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) approach for the ESS sector. The results indicate that annual LFP demand will surge from approximately 1,044 GWh in 2025 to over 4.9&#xa0;million GWh (4,900 TWh) by 2045, with the EV sector accounting for roughly 2.45&#xa0;million GWh and the ESS sector contributing the remaining share. The SWOT analysis highlights the strengths of LFP in terms of phosphate resource availability and compliance with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles while also examining external challenges such as technological disruption and supply chain concentration. The results of this study underscore the importance of diversifying production strategies, strengthening investment in phosphate-bearing countries, and integrating LFP into energy transition policies to achieve net-zero emission targets. This study contributes to strengthening strategic mineral governance, making LFP a safe, affordable, and sustainable global energy solution.</p>

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Strategic assessment of lithium iron phosphate in the global energy transition: Supply chain dynamics and future competitiveness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Agus Miswanto,
  • Nafisa Rahmah,
  • Nur Aini Masruroh,
  • Gyan Prameswara,
  • Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus

摘要

Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) has become a significant cathode material supporting the sustainable global energy transition. Unlike nickel-based batteries, LFP offers several advantages in terms of thermal stability, cost efficiency, and supply chain resilience, which are crucial aspects for its widespread adoption in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage systems (ESS). This study aims to evaluate the strategic position of LFP through an integrative approach that includes bibliometric analysis, demand projection, and a SWOT evaluation. Using Scopus metadata from 2020 to 2024, this study identifies key trends in four dimensions: technical innovation, sectoral applications, economic dynamics, and sustainability. The bibliometric analysis reveals a strategic shift across four dimensions: technical research is prioritizing cathode stability and synthesis optimization; sectoral applications are increasingly focused on grid-scale ESS and EV integration; economic studies emphasize cost-competitiveness against NMC chemistries; and sustainability research is rapidly expanding into recycling and circular economy frameworks to enhance supply chain resilience. Global demand projections are derived through a log-linear regression model for the EV sector and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) approach for the ESS sector. The results indicate that annual LFP demand will surge from approximately 1,044 GWh in 2025 to over 4.9 million GWh (4,900 TWh) by 2045, with the EV sector accounting for roughly 2.45 million GWh and the ESS sector contributing the remaining share. The SWOT analysis highlights the strengths of LFP in terms of phosphate resource availability and compliance with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles while also examining external challenges such as technological disruption and supply chain concentration. The results of this study underscore the importance of diversifying production strategies, strengthening investment in phosphate-bearing countries, and integrating LFP into energy transition policies to achieve net-zero emission targets. This study contributes to strengthening strategic mineral governance, making LFP a safe, affordable, and sustainable global energy solution.