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<p>This paper examines how technological, market, and legal drivers shape eco-innovation (EI) performance across product, process, and organizational dimensions in the Iranian copper-mining industry, a high-impact, capital-intensive, business-to-business sector that has received limited attention in EI research. While prior studies investigate drivers of EI, few empirically investigate Iran’s settings or a developing country with similar characteristics. We address this gap with empirical evidence. Using a structured survey of industry experts and PLS-SEM, we model EI drivers as a reflective–formative higher-order construct and apply a disjoint two-stage validation to improve representation and testing of multi-dimensional drivers. Empirically, technological and legal drivers strongly predict EI performance, whereas market drivers are weak and non-significant. This counterintuitive result contrasts with much of the general EI literature and points to a supply- and regulation-leaning pathway to EI in resource-intensive, developing-country contexts. The study’s novelty is threefold: (1) a methodological advance in modelling and validating higher-order EI driver constructs, (2) a theoretical contribution demonstrating how driver configuration and contextual moderators (e.g., network embeddedness, firm size, export orientation) can shift the balance away from market pull, and (3) practical guidance for managers and policymakers to prioritize technological and regulatory levers while designing targeted demand-side interventions. Implications extend to other capital-intensive sectors. Future work should test contextual moderators to assess generalizability.</p>

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Exploring eco-innovation drivers and performance dimensions in the copper mining industry: evidence from Iran

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar,
  • Saeid Karami Shahrokhi,
  • Seyed Behrang Esmaeilzadeh,
  • Mehdi Fatemi

摘要

This paper examines how technological, market, and legal drivers shape eco-innovation (EI) performance across product, process, and organizational dimensions in the Iranian copper-mining industry, a high-impact, capital-intensive, business-to-business sector that has received limited attention in EI research. While prior studies investigate drivers of EI, few empirically investigate Iran’s settings or a developing country with similar characteristics. We address this gap with empirical evidence. Using a structured survey of industry experts and PLS-SEM, we model EI drivers as a reflective–formative higher-order construct and apply a disjoint two-stage validation to improve representation and testing of multi-dimensional drivers. Empirically, technological and legal drivers strongly predict EI performance, whereas market drivers are weak and non-significant. This counterintuitive result contrasts with much of the general EI literature and points to a supply- and regulation-leaning pathway to EI in resource-intensive, developing-country contexts. The study’s novelty is threefold: (1) a methodological advance in modelling and validating higher-order EI driver constructs, (2) a theoretical contribution demonstrating how driver configuration and contextual moderators (e.g., network embeddedness, firm size, export orientation) can shift the balance away from market pull, and (3) practical guidance for managers and policymakers to prioritize technological and regulatory levers while designing targeted demand-side interventions. Implications extend to other capital-intensive sectors. Future work should test contextual moderators to assess generalizability.