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<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum L.</i>) productivity is increasingly threatened by heat, salinity, and drought stresses intensified by climate change. Transcription factors of the WRKY family are key regulators of stress adaptation, yet their functional roles in wheat remain incompletely understood. In this study, 30 <i>TaWRKY</i>genes were selected for detailed characterization using integrated in-silico and experimental approaches. A subset of nine genes (<i>TaWRKY3</i>,<i> TaWRKY5</i>,<i> TaWRKY12</i>,<i> TaWRKY13</i>,<i> TaWRKY19</i>,<i> TaWRKY20</i>,<i> TaWRKY21</i>,<i> TaWRKY24</i>,<i> and TaWRKY25</i>) exhibited stress-specific and genotype-dependent expression patterns. <i>TaWRKY5</i> and <i>TaWRKY21</i> were strongly induced under salt stress, <i>TaWRKY3</i> and <i>TaWRKY19</i> under drought, and <i>TaWRKY24</i> under heat and salinity, underscoring their potential as key regulators of abiotic stress tolerance. In-silico expression profiling revealed tissue-preferential expression, with <i>TaWRKY5</i> and <i>TaWRKY13</i> enriched in reproductive tissues and <i>TaWRKY18</i> and <i>TaWRKY19</i> in vegetative and seed tissues. Protein–protein interaction networks identified TaWRKY6, TaWRKY15, and TaWRKY18 as central hubs, while miRNA–target analysis highlighted post-transcriptional regulation of WRKYs. Notably, 5′ RLM-RACE confirmed tae-miR164-mediated cleavage of <i>TaWRKY3</i>, providing direct evidence for miRNA–WRKY regulation in wheat. These findings reveal stress-responsive WRKYs as key nodes in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks and highlight promising targets for functional validation, genetic improvement, and breeding of climate-resilient wheat cultivars.</p>

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Differential expression analysis of WRKY gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under abiotic stresses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Shefali Mishra,
  • Sindhu Sareen,
  • Rajender Singh,
  • Ratan Tiwari,
  • Pradeep Sharma

摘要

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity is increasingly threatened by heat, salinity, and drought stresses intensified by climate change. Transcription factors of the WRKY family are key regulators of stress adaptation, yet their functional roles in wheat remain incompletely understood. In this study, 30 TaWRKYgenes were selected for detailed characterization using integrated in-silico and experimental approaches. A subset of nine genes (TaWRKY3, TaWRKY5, TaWRKY12, TaWRKY13, TaWRKY19, TaWRKY20, TaWRKY21, TaWRKY24, and TaWRKY25) exhibited stress-specific and genotype-dependent expression patterns. TaWRKY5 and TaWRKY21 were strongly induced under salt stress, TaWRKY3 and TaWRKY19 under drought, and TaWRKY24 under heat and salinity, underscoring their potential as key regulators of abiotic stress tolerance. In-silico expression profiling revealed tissue-preferential expression, with TaWRKY5 and TaWRKY13 enriched in reproductive tissues and TaWRKY18 and TaWRKY19 in vegetative and seed tissues. Protein–protein interaction networks identified TaWRKY6, TaWRKY15, and TaWRKY18 as central hubs, while miRNA–target analysis highlighted post-transcriptional regulation of WRKYs. Notably, 5′ RLM-RACE confirmed tae-miR164-mediated cleavage of TaWRKY3, providing direct evidence for miRNA–WRKY regulation in wheat. These findings reveal stress-responsive WRKYs as key nodes in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks and highlight promising targets for functional validation, genetic improvement, and breeding of climate-resilient wheat cultivars.