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<p>Horticultural crops are vital for global nutritional security, requiring resilient, high-yielding cultivars to combat climate change and population growth. While traditional breeding is labor-intensive, biotechnological advances, particularly genome editing offer precise and transgene-free solutions for crop improvement. Over the decades, genome editing technologies have rapidly evolved. This review covers the evolution and application of genome editing tools in horticulture, from early site-directed nucleases (meganucleases, Zinc-Finger Nucleases and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases), to the revolutionary Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) systems. We further delve into the next-generation CRISPR tools such as base editing and prime editing, which enhance precision without introducing breaks in the double-stranded DNA. We also highlight recent advancements in plant transformation systems, including <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation, biolistics, protoplast-based method, viral vector-based gene transfer, <i>de novo</i> meristem induction and haploid inducer-mediated plant transformation. Genome editing applications are rapidly expanding to improve architecture, nutritional quality, stress resistance, and yield. Ultimately, this review discusses major advancements and future directions for genome editing to meet the global demand for safe, resilient, and nutrient-rich crops.</p>

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Advancements in genome editing tools and technologies for improvement of horticultural crops

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Kasireddy Sivasanakarreddy,
  • Vikramaditya Pandey,
  • Sudhakar Pandey,
  • Sanjay Kumar Singh,
  • Basavaprabhu L. Patil

摘要

Horticultural crops are vital for global nutritional security, requiring resilient, high-yielding cultivars to combat climate change and population growth. While traditional breeding is labor-intensive, biotechnological advances, particularly genome editing offer precise and transgene-free solutions for crop improvement. Over the decades, genome editing technologies have rapidly evolved. This review covers the evolution and application of genome editing tools in horticulture, from early site-directed nucleases (meganucleases, Zinc-Finger Nucleases and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases), to the revolutionary Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) systems. We further delve into the next-generation CRISPR tools such as base editing and prime editing, which enhance precision without introducing breaks in the double-stranded DNA. We also highlight recent advancements in plant transformation systems, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, biolistics, protoplast-based method, viral vector-based gene transfer, de novo meristem induction and haploid inducer-mediated plant transformation. Genome editing applications are rapidly expanding to improve architecture, nutritional quality, stress resistance, and yield. Ultimately, this review discusses major advancements and future directions for genome editing to meet the global demand for safe, resilient, and nutrient-rich crops.