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<p>Climate change creates significant difficulties in agricultural productivity and complexity in the control of plant diseases. The direct impact of temperature shifts and changes in precipitation levels and humidity patterns drive pathogen prevalence toward increased severity and expanded distribution, resulting in global food insecurity. Higher temperatures decrease pathogen lifecycles, yet new environmental conditions created by irregular rainfall patterns help create ideal conditions for plant diseases to develop in the soil and foliage. Elevated CO₂ levels could affect plant-pathogen interactions, modifying plant physiological mechanisms that become more intricate when other climatic variables are included in the analysis. Prolonged drought periods and extreme weather events weaken plant immunity and lead to enhanced vulnerability. Plant pathogens move across different areas owing to climate change, consequently damaging natural and agricultural ecosystems. Integrated approaches are required to mitigate pathogen dispersion and diseases. In addition to new technologies in precision agriculture, another benefit is early disease detection through remote sensing and disease forecasting systems that allow targeted action. Developing crop varieties that are resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses is a breeding objective. Biological control measures, biopesticides, diversified rotations, and improved irrigation practices support long-term sustainability while reducing dependency on chemical inputs. Post-harvest disease management is also essential, particularly in view of rising losses due to storage-related fungal contamination and mycotoxin accumulation. Proper drying, sanitation of storage facilities, and temperature and humidity control are critical to preserve quality and prevent disease during storage and transport. This article aims to analyze the complex interaction of climate change with plant disease evolution, presenting novel techniques for managing adaptation and mitigation. Sustainable agricultural development that integrates cross-disciplinary research, technological innovation, and international cooperation is essential for building resilient food systems. Such strategies directly support the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 13 (Climate Action). A deeper understanding of pathogen adaptation and host–pathogen dynamics is needed to inform ecological disease management strategies capable of addressing the complex challenges posed by climate change.</p>

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Shifting disease dynamics: effect of climate change on plant pathogens and their management in field crops

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Beatrice Farda,
  • Enrico Sabbi,
  • Ramila Fares,
  • Rihab Djebaili,
  • Amedeo Mignini,
  • Debasis Mitra,
  • Marika Pellegrini

摘要

Climate change creates significant difficulties in agricultural productivity and complexity in the control of plant diseases. The direct impact of temperature shifts and changes in precipitation levels and humidity patterns drive pathogen prevalence toward increased severity and expanded distribution, resulting in global food insecurity. Higher temperatures decrease pathogen lifecycles, yet new environmental conditions created by irregular rainfall patterns help create ideal conditions for plant diseases to develop in the soil and foliage. Elevated CO₂ levels could affect plant-pathogen interactions, modifying plant physiological mechanisms that become more intricate when other climatic variables are included in the analysis. Prolonged drought periods and extreme weather events weaken plant immunity and lead to enhanced vulnerability. Plant pathogens move across different areas owing to climate change, consequently damaging natural and agricultural ecosystems. Integrated approaches are required to mitigate pathogen dispersion and diseases. In addition to new technologies in precision agriculture, another benefit is early disease detection through remote sensing and disease forecasting systems that allow targeted action. Developing crop varieties that are resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses is a breeding objective. Biological control measures, biopesticides, diversified rotations, and improved irrigation practices support long-term sustainability while reducing dependency on chemical inputs. Post-harvest disease management is also essential, particularly in view of rising losses due to storage-related fungal contamination and mycotoxin accumulation. Proper drying, sanitation of storage facilities, and temperature and humidity control are critical to preserve quality and prevent disease during storage and transport. This article aims to analyze the complex interaction of climate change with plant disease evolution, presenting novel techniques for managing adaptation and mitigation. Sustainable agricultural development that integrates cross-disciplinary research, technological innovation, and international cooperation is essential for building resilient food systems. Such strategies directly support the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 13 (Climate Action). A deeper understanding of pathogen adaptation and host–pathogen dynamics is needed to inform ecological disease management strategies capable of addressing the complex challenges posed by climate change.