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<p>The metabolism of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs) plays a crucial role in seed germination, plant growth, hormonal balance, and responses to abiotic stress. Studies in various crops have highlighted the involvement of RFOs and their metabolic genes in stress tolerance; however, these genes belong to multigene families that function in a spatio-temporal manner, making their individual contributions difficult to resolve. In chickpea, the specific roles of RFO metabolic genes in stress mitigation and the expression patterns of potentially redundant gene family members remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that chickpea RFO metabolic genes are highly conserved with their Arabidopsis thaliana homologs, suggesting that RFO metabolism is evolutionarily conserved in higher plants. Expression profiling revealed that RFO metabolic genes are differentially regulated under hormonal treatments (ABA and GA) and abiotic stresses (5% PEG and cold). Notably, GS1 (encoding galactinol synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in galactinol biosynthesis) was upregulated exclusively under abiotic stress, whereas RS8 (a raffinose synthase family member) was significantly induced by both abiotic stress and ABA. In contrast, gibberellic acid (GA) suppressed the expression of most RFO metabolic genes, except for slight upregulation of RS8 and AG4. Promoter analysis identified conserved hormone- and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, emphasizing the regulatory importance of these genes in development and stress adaptation. Further research is required to clarify the functional roles of redundant gene family members in plant physiological processes.</p>

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Raffinose family oligosaccharides metabolic gene expression profiling in Chickpea during seed germination under abiotic stress and exogenous application of ABA and GA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • JJ Jenisha,
  • Prasanna Vengatesh,
  • Prabu Padanillay Chidambaram,
  • Marcus Samuel,
  • Rex Arunraj

摘要

The metabolism of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides (RFOs) plays a crucial role in seed germination, plant growth, hormonal balance, and responses to abiotic stress. Studies in various crops have highlighted the involvement of RFOs and their metabolic genes in stress tolerance; however, these genes belong to multigene families that function in a spatio-temporal manner, making their individual contributions difficult to resolve. In chickpea, the specific roles of RFO metabolic genes in stress mitigation and the expression patterns of potentially redundant gene family members remain unclear. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that chickpea RFO metabolic genes are highly conserved with their Arabidopsis thaliana homologs, suggesting that RFO metabolism is evolutionarily conserved in higher plants. Expression profiling revealed that RFO metabolic genes are differentially regulated under hormonal treatments (ABA and GA) and abiotic stresses (5% PEG and cold). Notably, GS1 (encoding galactinol synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in galactinol biosynthesis) was upregulated exclusively under abiotic stress, whereas RS8 (a raffinose synthase family member) was significantly induced by both abiotic stress and ABA. In contrast, gibberellic acid (GA) suppressed the expression of most RFO metabolic genes, except for slight upregulation of RS8 and AG4. Promoter analysis identified conserved hormone- and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements, emphasizing the regulatory importance of these genes in development and stress adaptation. Further research is required to clarify the functional roles of redundant gene family members in plant physiological processes.