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<p>Proso millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i> L.) is a promising, climate-resilient, short-duration crop suitable for low-input agriculture; however, its broader adoption is hindered by its photoperiod sensitivity. This study aimed to identify stable, photoperiod-insensitive mutant lines with early maturity and improved physiological efficiency using quantitative modelling. Twenty-one EMS- and gamma-induced mutant families and three check varieties were evaluated over three growing seasons during 2023–2024 and 2024–2025. Phenological traits, along with chlorophyll content (SPAD) and derived photothermal indices, including Growing Degree Days (GDD), Photothermal Units (PTU), and Heliothermal Units (HTU) were recorded. The Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) methodology was employed to rank genotypes based on their stability and performance. Two genotypes, G1 and G2, consistently demonstrated early flowering, low thermal accumulation, and minimal phenological variation across seasons, indicating strong photoperiod insensitivity. BLUP analysis confirmed their superior performance, showing the lowest predicted values for heading and harvesting days. A significant negative correlation (<i>r</i> = − 0.51) between SPAD readings and days to heading suggests that early genotypes may benefit from enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. These results highlight G1 and G2 as elite donor lines for breeding early-maturing, photoperiod-insensitive cultivars, offering new avenues for crop diversification and climate adaptation in marginal environments.</p>

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Genetic dissection of photoperiod response in Indian proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) mutants via BLUP modeling of photothermal indices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Ayushi Kumar,
  • Iyanar Krishnamoorthy,
  • Manikanda Boopathi Narayanan,
  • Senthil Alagarswamy,
  • K. Chandrakumar,
  • Mehanathan Muthamilarasan,
  • Ravikesavan Rajasekaran

摘要

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a promising, climate-resilient, short-duration crop suitable for low-input agriculture; however, its broader adoption is hindered by its photoperiod sensitivity. This study aimed to identify stable, photoperiod-insensitive mutant lines with early maturity and improved physiological efficiency using quantitative modelling. Twenty-one EMS- and gamma-induced mutant families and three check varieties were evaluated over three growing seasons during 2023–2024 and 2024–2025. Phenological traits, along with chlorophyll content (SPAD) and derived photothermal indices, including Growing Degree Days (GDD), Photothermal Units (PTU), and Heliothermal Units (HTU) were recorded. The Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) methodology was employed to rank genotypes based on their stability and performance. Two genotypes, G1 and G2, consistently demonstrated early flowering, low thermal accumulation, and minimal phenological variation across seasons, indicating strong photoperiod insensitivity. BLUP analysis confirmed their superior performance, showing the lowest predicted values for heading and harvesting days. A significant negative correlation (r = − 0.51) between SPAD readings and days to heading suggests that early genotypes may benefit from enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. These results highlight G1 and G2 as elite donor lines for breeding early-maturing, photoperiod-insensitive cultivars, offering new avenues for crop diversification and climate adaptation in marginal environments.