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<p>Association of cyanobacterial community has recently been shown to increase the root biomass and withanolide biosynthesis in the medicinal plant <i>W. somnifera</i>. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on <i>W. somnifera</i> roots colonized with cyanobacterial community. The study revealed the upregulation of genes associated with plant growth hormones, including auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin, which likely contribute to the observed increase in root size. Transcriptome profiling also indicated a significant upregulation of genes related to biotic and abiotic stress responses. The induction of transcription factors and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins suggests that the plant perceives the community as a form of mild stress or eustress. Furthermore, the induction of a methyl jasmonate esterase gene, which regulates jasmonic acid levels, provides evidence for the activation of a stress response in the roots. It is known that stress responses in <i>W. somnifera</i> are linked to the synthesis of withanolide. Significantly, our analysis identified the upregulation of nine genes within the withanolide and withanoside biosynthetic pathway. These findings collectively demonstrate that cyanobacterial community concurrently induce genes related to plant growth, environmental stress responses, and withanolide biosynthesis, providing a comprehensive molecular explanation for the enhanced agronomic and medicinal properties of <i>W. somnifera</i>.</p>

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Cyanobacterial community upregulate growth and stress response genes to boost withanolide biosynthesis in the roots of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Anjumaran Kavitha,
  • Karuppaiah Palanichelvam

摘要

Association of cyanobacterial community has recently been shown to increase the root biomass and withanolide biosynthesis in the medicinal plant W. somnifera. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this interaction, we performed RNA-Seq analysis on W. somnifera roots colonized with cyanobacterial community. The study revealed the upregulation of genes associated with plant growth hormones, including auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin, which likely contribute to the observed increase in root size. Transcriptome profiling also indicated a significant upregulation of genes related to biotic and abiotic stress responses. The induction of transcription factors and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins suggests that the plant perceives the community as a form of mild stress or eustress. Furthermore, the induction of a methyl jasmonate esterase gene, which regulates jasmonic acid levels, provides evidence for the activation of a stress response in the roots. It is known that stress responses in W. somnifera are linked to the synthesis of withanolide. Significantly, our analysis identified the upregulation of nine genes within the withanolide and withanoside biosynthetic pathway. These findings collectively demonstrate that cyanobacterial community concurrently induce genes related to plant growth, environmental stress responses, and withanolide biosynthesis, providing a comprehensive molecular explanation for the enhanced agronomic and medicinal properties of W. somnifera.