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<p><i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>melonis</i> (FOM) is a major fungal pathogen causing significant crop loss in muskmelon. Developing resistant cultivars is the most effective control strategy, yet the complexity of resistance mechanisms across FOM strains poses a challenge. This study investigated the biochemical and gene expression responses of five muskmelon genotypes to FOM infection. Based on disease severity, genotypes were classified as resistant (wild melon–WM, snap melon–SM), moderately resistant (hara madhu–HM), and susceptible (Punjab Sarda–PB SA, Punjab Sunehri–PB SU), with 78–80% severity was observed in susceptible genotypes and 42–47% in resistant ones. Root samples collected at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation (DAI) were analyzed for SOD, CAT, POD, PPO, PAL, and total phenolics. Peak biochemical activity was observed at 14 DAI in resistant genotypes: WM exhibited the highest SOD (224.92 U/g FW), POD (5.42 µmoles of tetraguaicol formed/min/g FW), and PPO (25.58 U/g FW), while SM recorded the highest CAT (64.67 µmoles of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decomposed/min /g FW) and PAL (0.208 µg t-cinnamic acid formed/h/g FW) levels. Correspondingly, gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation in WM at 14 DAI for <i>cmPRX-2</i> (9.03-fold), <i>cmPRX-1</i> (7.19-fold), <i>CAT</i> (4.36-fold), and <i>PAL</i> (4.64-fold). These findings highlight the role of specific biochemical and molecular responses in conferring resistance and identify potential markers for breeding FOM-resistant muskmelon varieties.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Induction of defense related enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their gene expression imparts resistance to muskmelon against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月9日

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  • Chahak Jain,
  • Shilpa Gupta,
  • Sat Pal Sharma,
  • Manjeet Kaur Sangha,
  • Navraj Kaur Sarao,
  • Anu Kalia,
  • Shabda Verma

摘要

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) is a major fungal pathogen causing significant crop loss in muskmelon. Developing resistant cultivars is the most effective control strategy, yet the complexity of resistance mechanisms across FOM strains poses a challenge. This study investigated the biochemical and gene expression responses of five muskmelon genotypes to FOM infection. Based on disease severity, genotypes were classified as resistant (wild melon–WM, snap melon–SM), moderately resistant (hara madhu–HM), and susceptible (Punjab Sarda–PB SA, Punjab Sunehri–PB SU), with 78–80% severity was observed in susceptible genotypes and 42–47% in resistant ones. Root samples collected at 7, 14, and 21 days after inoculation (DAI) were analyzed for SOD, CAT, POD, PPO, PAL, and total phenolics. Peak biochemical activity was observed at 14 DAI in resistant genotypes: WM exhibited the highest SOD (224.92 U/g FW), POD (5.42 µmoles of tetraguaicol formed/min/g FW), and PPO (25.58 U/g FW), while SM recorded the highest CAT (64.67 µmoles of H2O2 decomposed/min /g FW) and PAL (0.208 µg t-cinnamic acid formed/h/g FW) levels. Correspondingly, gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation in WM at 14 DAI for cmPRX-2 (9.03-fold), cmPRX-1 (7.19-fold), CAT (4.36-fold), and PAL (4.64-fold). These findings highlight the role of specific biochemical and molecular responses in conferring resistance and identify potential markers for breeding FOM-resistant muskmelon varieties.

Graphical Abstract