<p>In this paper, we study the following fractional Choquard problem: <Equation ID="Equ22"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-\varDelta )^s u = \lambda \vert u\vert ^{q-2} u + g \left( I_\mu * \bigl (g \vert u\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^*}\bigr ) \right) \vert u\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^* - 2} u,&amp; \text {in } \varOmega , \\ u = 0, &amp; \text {on } \mathbb {R}^N \setminus \varOmega , \end{array}\right. } \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi>Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mrow /> <mo>∗</mo> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <mi>g</mi> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> </msup> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> </mfenced> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <msubsup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mi>Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mtext>on</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi>Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varOmega \subset \mathbb {R}^N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N \ge 2s\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) is a bounded domain with continuous boundary, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt; \mu &lt; N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_\mu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is defined for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x \in \mathbb {R}^N \setminus \{0\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>x</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(I_\mu (x) = \frac{1}{\vert x\vert ^\mu }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>I</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>μ</mi> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Here, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( 2_{\mu ,s}^* = \frac{2N - \mu }{N - 2s} \quad \text {and} \quad q \in [2, 2_s^*), \text { with } 2_s^* = \frac{2N}{N - 2s}. \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mn>2</mn> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mspace width="1em" /> <mtext>and</mtext> <mspace width="1em" /> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>with</mtext> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <msubsup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> By employing variational methods and the Nehari manifold technique, we establish the existence of multiple positive solutions. In particular, we show that the number of such solutions is closely related to the set of global maxima of the coefficient function <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( g \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>g</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> appearing in the nonlocal critical nonlinearity provided that <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q=2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N\ge 4s\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, or <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(q\in (2,2_s^*)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <msubsup> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N &gt; \tfrac{2s(q+2)}{q}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>q</mi> </mfrac> </mstyle> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Moreover, we prove that every weak solution obtained is bounded and Hölder continuous.</p>

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Topological effects on the multiplicity of positive solutions to a fractional upper critical choquard equation

  • Mohamed Masmodi

摘要

In this paper, we study the following fractional Choquard problem: \( {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-\varDelta )^s u = \lambda \vert u\vert ^{q-2} u + g \left( I_\mu * \bigl (g \vert u\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^*}\bigr ) \right) \vert u\vert ^{2_{\mu ,s}^* - 2} u,& \text {in } \varOmega , \\ u = 0, & \text {on } \mathbb {R}^N \setminus \varOmega , \end{array}\right. } \) ( - Δ ) s u = λ | u | q - 2 u + g I μ ( g | u | 2 μ , s ) | u | 2 μ , s - 2 u , in Ω , u = 0 , on R N \ Ω , where \(\varOmega \subset \mathbb {R}^N\) Ω R N ( \(N \ge 2s\) N 2 s ) is a bounded domain with continuous boundary, \(0< \mu < N\) 0 < μ < N , and \(I_\mu \) I μ is defined for \(x \in \mathbb {R}^N \setminus \{0\}\) x R N \ { 0 } by \(I_\mu (x) = \frac{1}{\vert x\vert ^\mu }\) I μ ( x ) = 1 | x | μ . Here, \( 2_{\mu ,s}^* = \frac{2N - \mu }{N - 2s} \quad \text {and} \quad q \in [2, 2_s^*), \text { with } 2_s^* = \frac{2N}{N - 2s}. \) 2 μ , s = 2 N - μ N - 2 s and q [ 2 , 2 s ) , with 2 s = 2 N N - 2 s . By employing variational methods and the Nehari manifold technique, we establish the existence of multiple positive solutions. In particular, we show that the number of such solutions is closely related to the set of global maxima of the coefficient function \( g \) g appearing in the nonlocal critical nonlinearity provided that \(q=2\) q = 2 with \(N\ge 4s\) N 4 s , or \(q\in (2,2_s^*)\) q ( 2 , 2 s ) with \(N > \tfrac{2s(q+2)}{q}\) N > 2 s ( q + 2 ) q . Moreover, we prove that every weak solution obtained is bounded and Hölder continuous.