<p>We study the existence of nonnegative solutions to the following nonlocal elliptic problem involving singularity <Equation ID="Equ70"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_Equ70.gif" Format="GIF" Height="93" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="404" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \mathfrak {M}\left( \int _{Q}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{N+ps}}dxdy\right) (-\Delta )_{p}^{s} u&amp;=\frac{\lambda }{u^{\gamma }}+u^{p_s^*-1}~\text {in}~\Omega ,\\ u&amp;&gt;0~\text {in}~\Omega ,\\ u&amp;=0~\text {in}~\mathbb {R}^N\setminus \Omega , \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">M</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi>Q</mi> </msub> <mfrac> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mi>p</mi> </msup> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mi>y</mi> </mfenced> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>λ</mi> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mi>γ</mi> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mrow> <mrow /> <mi>u</mi> </mrow> </mtd> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <mtext>in</mtext> <mspace width="3.33333pt" /> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>where <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathfrak {M}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">M</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the Kirchhoff function, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="238" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Q=\mathbb {R}^{2N}\setminus ((\mathbb {R}^N\setminus \Omega )\times (\mathbb {R}^N\setminus \Omega ))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mo lspace="0.15em" rspace="0.15em" stretchy="false">\</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\lambda &gt;0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(N&gt;ps\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="88" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0&lt;s,\gamma &lt;1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>γ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((-\Delta )_{p}^{s}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the fractional <i>p</i>-Laplacian for <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="83" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1&lt;p&lt;\infty \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>∞</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="26" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(p_s^*=\frac{Np}{N-ps}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>p</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">Np</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>N</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the critical Sobolev exponent. We employ a <i>cut-off</i> argument to obtain the existence of <i>k</i> (being arbitrarily large integer) solutions. Furthermore, by using the Moser iteration technique, we prove an uniform <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="13540_2025_382_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(L^{\infty }({\Omega })\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mi>∞</mi> </msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> bound for the solutions. The novelty of this work lies in proving the existence of small energy solutions by using symmetric mountain pass theorem in spite of the presence of a critical nonlinear term which, of course, is super-linear.</p>

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Existence of at least k solutions to a fractional p-Kirchhoff problem involving singularity and critical exponent

  • Sekhar Ghosh,
  • Debajyoti Choudhuri,
  • Alessio Fiscella

摘要

We study the existence of nonnegative solutions to the following nonlocal elliptic problem involving singularity \(\begin{aligned} \mathfrak {M}\left( \int _{Q}\frac{|u(x)-u(y)|^p}{|x-y|^{N+ps}}dxdy\right) (-\Delta )_{p}^{s} u&=\frac{\lambda }{u^{\gamma }}+u^{p_s^*-1}~\text {in}~\Omega ,\\ u&>0~\text {in}~\Omega ,\\ u&=0~\text {in}~\mathbb {R}^N\setminus \Omega , \end{aligned}\) M Q | u ( x ) - u ( y ) | p | x - y | N + p s d x d y ( - Δ ) p s u = λ u γ + u p s - 1 in Ω , u > 0 in Ω , u = 0 in R N \ Ω , where \(\mathfrak {M}\) M is the Kirchhoff function, \(Q=\mathbb {R}^{2N}\setminus ((\mathbb {R}^N\setminus \Omega )\times (\mathbb {R}^N\setminus \Omega ))\) Q = R 2 N \ ( ( R N \ Ω ) × ( R N \ Ω ) ) , \(\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^N\) Ω R N , is a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary, \(\lambda >0\) λ > 0 , \(N>ps\) N > p s , \(0<s,\gamma <1\) 0 < s , γ < 1 , \((-\Delta )_{p}^{s}\) ( - Δ ) p s is the fractional p-Laplacian for \(1<p<\infty \) 1 < p < and \(p_s^*=\frac{Np}{N-ps}\) p s = Np N - p s is the critical Sobolev exponent. We employ a cut-off argument to obtain the existence of k (being arbitrarily large integer) solutions. Furthermore, by using the Moser iteration technique, we prove an uniform \(L^{\infty }({\Omega })\) L ( Ω ) bound for the solutions. The novelty of this work lies in proving the existence of small energy solutions by using symmetric mountain pass theorem in spite of the presence of a critical nonlinear term which, of course, is super-linear.